Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar
used to pay the zakat al-fitr for those slaves of his that were at
Wadi'l-Qura and Khaybar.
Yahya related to me that Malik said,
"The best that I have heard about the zakat al-fitr is that a man has
to pay for every person that he is responsible for supporting and whom
he must support. He has to pay forall his mukatabs, his mudabbars, and
his ordinary slaves, whether they are present or absent, as long as
they are muslim, and whether or not they are fortrade. However, he
does not have to pay zakat on any of them that are not muslim."
Malik said, concerning a runaway slave, "I think that his master
should pay the zakat fo rhim whether or not he knows where he is, if
it has not been long since the slave ran away and his master hopes
that he is still alive and will return. If it has been a long time
since he ran away and his master has despaired of him returning then I
do not think that he should pay zakat for him.'
Malik said,
"The zakat al-fitr has to be paid by people living in the desert (i.e.
nomadic people) just as it has to be paid by people living in villages
(i.e. settled people), because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, made the zakat al-fitr at the end of Ramadan
obligatory on every muslim, whether freeman or slave, male or female."
Muwatta Malik Book 17, Hadith 56
It was said to the Prophet (ﷺ) "Would that you see `Abdullah bin Ubai." So, the Prophet (ﷺ) went to him,
riding a donkey, and the Muslims accompanied him, walking on salty barren land. When the Prophet (ﷺ)
reached `Abdullah bin Ubai, the latter said, "Keep away from me! By Allah, the bad smell of your
donkey has harmed me." On that an Ansari man said (to `Abdullah), "By Allah! The smell of the
donkey of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) is better than your smell." On that a man from `Abdullah's tribe got angry
for `Abdullah's sake, and the two men abused each other which caused the friends of the two men to
get angry, and the two groups started fighting with sticks, shoes and hands. We were informed that the
following Divine Verse was revealed (in this concern):-- "And if two groups of Believers fall to
fighting then, make peace between them." (49.9)
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 53, Hadith 2
A black lady slave of some of the 'Arabs embraced Islam and she had a hut in the mosque. She used to
visit us and talk to us, and when she finished her talk, she used to say: "The day of the scarf was one
of our Lord's wonders: Verily! He has delivered me from the land of Kufr." When she said the above
verse many times, I (i.e. `Aisha) asked her, "What was the day of the scarf?" She replied, "Once the
daughter of some of my masters went out and she was wearing a leather scarf (round her neck) and the
leather scarf fell from her and a kite descended and picked it up, mistaking it for a piece of meat. They
(i.e. my masters) accused me of stealing it and they tortured me to such an extent that they even
looked for it in my private parts. So, while they all were around me, and I was in my great distress,
suddenly the kite came over our heads and threw the scarf, and they took it. I said to them 'This is
what you accused me of stealing, though I was innocent."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 63, Hadith 60
`Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "When Hafsa bint `Umar became a widow after the death of (her husband)
Khunais bin Hudhafa As-Sahmi who had been one of the companions of the Prophet, and he died at
Medina. I went to `Uthman bin `Affan and presented Hafsa (for marriage) to him. He said, "I will
think it over.' I waited for a few days, then he met me and said, 'It seems that it is not possible for me
to marry at present.' " `Umar further said, "I met Abu Bakr As-Siddique and said to him, 'If you wish,
I will marry my daughter Hafsa to you." Abu Bakr kept quiet and did not say anything to me in reply.
I became more angry with him than with `Uthman. I waited for a few days and then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)
asked for her hand, and I gave her in marriage to him. Afterwards I met Abu Bakr who said, 'Perhaps
you became angry with me when you presented Hafsa to me and I did not give you a reply?' I said,
'Yes.' Abu Bakr said, 'Nothing stopped me to respond to your offer except that I knew that Allah's
Apostle had mentioned her, and I never wanted to let out the secret of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). And if Allah's
Apostle had refused her, I would have accepted her.' "
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 67, Hadith 58