Yahya related to me that Malik said, "I consider that if a man
dies and he has not paid zakat on his property, then zakat is taken
from the third of his property (from which he can make bequests), and
the third is not exceeded and the zakat is given priority over
bequests. In my opinion it is the same as if he had a debt, which is
why I think it should be given priority over bequests."
Malik
continued, "This applies if the deceased has asked for the zakat to be
deducted. If the deceased has not asked for it to be deducted but his
family do so then that is good, but it is not binding upon them if
they do not do it."
Malik continued, "The sunna which we are
all agreed upon is that zakat is not due from someone who inherits a
debt (i.e. wealth that was owed to the deceased), or goods, or a
house, or a male or female slave, until a year has elapsed over the
price realised from whatever he sells (i.e. slaves or a house, which
are not zakatable) or over the wealth he inherits, from the day he
sold the things, or took possession of them."
Malik said,
"The sunna with us is that zakat does not have to be paid on wealth
that is inherited until a year has elapsed over it."
Muwatta Malik Book 17, Hadith 18
While we were with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) he said, "Tell me of a tree which resembles a Muslim man. Its
leaves do not fall and it does not, and does not, and does not, and it gives its fruits every now and
then." It came to my mind that such a tree must be the date palm, but seeing Abu Bakr and `Umar
saying nothing, I disliked to speak. So when they did not say anything, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "It is the
date-palm tree." When we got up (from that place), I said to `Umar, "O my father! By Allah, it came
to my mind that it must be the date palm tree." `Umar said, "What prevented you from speaking" I
replied, "I did not see you speaking, so I misliked to speak or say anything." `Umar then said, "If you
had said it, it would have been dearer to me than so-and-so."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 65, Hadith 220
"I heard my father say, that he heard his grandfather Al-Harith bin 'Amr, that he met the Messenger of Allah during the Farewell Pilgrimage, when he was atop his slit-eared camel. (He said): 'I said: O Messenger of Allah, May my father and mother be ransomed for you; pray for forgiveness for me. He said: May Allah forgive you (plural). Then I came to him from the other side, hoping that he would supplicate just for me alone, and not them. I said: O Messenger of Allah, pray for forgiveness for me. He said: May Allah forgive you (plural). Then a man among the people said: O Messenger of Allah, (what about) the 'Atirah and Fara'? He said: Whoever wishes to offer and 'Atirah may do so, and whoever does not wish to, may not. Whoever wishes to offer a Fara' may do so, and whoever does not wish to, may not. And with regard to sheep, a sacrifice should be offered. And he clasped between his fingers except for one."'
Sunan an-Nasa'i Book 41, Hadith 5
Malik related to me from Ibn Shihab from Amir ibn Sad ibn Abi
Waqqas that his father said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, came to me to treat me for a pain which
became hard to bear in the year of the farewell hajj. I said,
'Messenger of Allah, you can see how far the pain has reached me. I
have property and only my daughter inherits from me. Shall I give two
thirds of my property as sadaqa?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, said, 'No.' I said, 'Half?' He said,
'No.' Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, said, 'A third, and a third is a lot. Leaving your heirs rich
is better than leaving them poor to beg from people. You never spend
anything on maintenance desiring the Face of Allah by it, but that you
are rewarded for it, even what you appoint for your wife.' Sad said,
'Messenger of Allah, will I be left here in Makka after my companions
have departed for Madina?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, said, 'If you are left behind, and do sound deeds
you will increase your degree and elevation by them. Perhaps you will
be left behind so that some people may benefit by you and others may
be harmed by you. O Allah! complete their hijra for my companions, and
do not turn them back on their heels. The unfortunate one is Said ibn
Khawla.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, was distressed on his account for he had died at Makka."
Yahya said that he heard Malik speak about a man who willed a
third of his property to a man and said as well, "My slave will serve
so-and-so (another man) for as long as he lives, then he is free,"
then that was looked into, and the slave was found to be a third of
the property of the deceased. Malik said, "The service of the slave is
evaluated. Then the two of them divide it between them. The one who
was willed a third takes his third, as a share, and the one who was
willed the service of the slave takes what was evaluated for him of
the slave's service. Each of them takes, from the service of the slave
or from his wage if he has a wage, according to his share. If the one
who was given the service of the slave for as long as he lived dies,
then the slave is freed."
Yahya said that he heard Malik
speak about someone who willed his third and said "So-and-so has such-
and-such, and so-and-so has such-and-such," naming some of his
property, and his heirs protested that it was more than a third."
Malik said, "The heirs then have an option between giving the
beneficiaries their full bequests and taking the rest of the property
of the deceased, or between dividing among the beneficiaries the third
of the property of the deceased and surrendering to them their third.
If they wish, their rights in it reach as far as they reach."
Muwatta Malik Book 37, Hadith 4
At Mina, the Prophet (p.b.u.h) said, "Do you know what is the day today?" The people replied, "Allah
and His Apostle know it better." He said, "It is the forbidden (sacred) day. And do you know what
town is this?" They replied, "Allah and His Apostle know it better." He said, "This is the forbidden
(Sacred) town (Mecca). And do you know which month is this?" The people replied, "Allah and His
Apostle know it better." He said, "This is the forbidden (sacred) month." The Prophet (ﷺ) added, "No
doubt, Allah made your blood, your properties, and your honor sacred to one another like the sanctity
of this day of yours in this month of yours in this town of yours." Narrated Ibn `Umar: On the Day of
Nahr (10th of Dhul-Hijja), the Prophet (ﷺ) stood in between the Jamrat during his Hajj which he
performed (as in the previous Hadith) and said, "This is the greatest Day (i.e. 10th of Dhul-Hijjah)."
The Prophet (ﷺ) started saying repeatedly, "O Allah! Be Witness (I have conveyed Your Message)." He
then bade the people farewell. The people said, "This is Hajjat-al-Wada`)."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 25, Hadith 220
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Uthman ibn
Ishaq ibn Kharasha that Qabisa ibn Dhu'ayb said, "A grandmother came
to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and asked him for her inheritance. Abu Bakr said
to her, 'You have nothing in the Book of Allah, and I do not know that
you have anything in the sunna of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace. Go away therefore, until I have
questioned the people.' (i.e.the Companions). He questioned the
people, and al-Mughira ibn Shuba said, 'I was present with the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he
gave the grandmother a sixth.' Abu Bakr said, 'Was there anybody else
with you?' Muhammad ibn Maslama al-Ansari stood up and said the like
of what al-Mughira said. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq gave it to her. Then the
other grandmother came to Umar ibn al-Khattab and asked him for her
inheritance. He said to her, "You have nothing in the Book of Allah,
and what has been decided is only for other than you, and I am not one
to add to the fixed shares, other than that sixth. If there are two of
you together, it is between you. If eitherof you is left alone with
it, it is hers."
Muwatta Malik Book 27, Hadith 10
Yahya related to me from Malik from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakr
ibn Abd ar-Rahman, from Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman from one of the
companions of the Messenger of Allah, that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered everyone to break the
fast on the journey he made in the year of the conquest saying, "Be
strong for your enemy," while the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, kept on fasting. Abu Bakr said that the one
who related this to him said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, pouring water over his head at al-Arj,
either from thirst or from the heat. Then some one said to the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
'Messenger of Allah, a group of people kept on fasting when you did.'
Then when the Messenger of Allah was at al-Kadid, he asked for a
drinking-bowl and drank, and everyone broke the fast."
Muwatta Malik Book 18, Hadith 24
We were sitting in the company of Abu Musa that he called for food and it consisted of flesh of fowl. It was then that a person from Banu Tamim visited him. His complexion was red having the resemblance of a slave. He said to him: Come and (join me in food). He showed reluctance. He (Abu Masa) said: Come on, for I saw Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) eating it (fowl's meat), whereupon that person said: I saw it eating something (of filth and rubbish) and I found it repugnant and took an oath that I would never eat that. He (Abu Muds) said: Come, so that I would narrate to you about that (the incident pertaining to vow). (And he narrated thus): I came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) along with a group of people belonging to the tribe of Ash'ari, asking him to provide us with riding camels. He (the Holy Prophet) said: By Allah, I cannot provide you with riding animals. And there is nothing with me with which I can provide you a mount. We stayed (for some time) there as Allah willed, and there was brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) booty of camels. He called us and commanded that we should be given five white humped camels. As we were about to go back, some of us said to the other: As we made Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forget oath, there would be no blessing for us (in his gift). We went back to him and said: Allah's Messenger, we came to you to provide us with riding animals and you took an oath that you would never equip us with mounts and then you have provided us with the riding beasts Allah's Messenger, have you forgotten? Thereupon he said: I swear by Allah that if Allah so wills, I shall not swear an oath, and then consider something else to be better than it without making atonement for my oath and doing the thing that is better. So you go; Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, has given you riding animals.
Sahih Muslim Book 27, Hadith 12
The wife of the Prophet (ﷺ) : We set out with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on one of his journeys, and when we were at
Baida' or at Dhat-al-Jaish, a necklace of mine was broken (and lost). Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stayed there to
look for it, and so did the people along with him. Neither were they at a place of water, nor did they
have any water with them. So the people went to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq and said, "Don't you see what
`Aisha has done? She has made Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and the people, stay where there is no water and they
have no water with them." Abu Bakr came while Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was sleeping with his head on my
thigh. He said (to me), "You have detained Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and the people where there is no water,
and they have no water with them." So he admonished me and said what Allah wished him to say, and
he hit me on my flanks with his hand. Nothing prevented me from moving (because of pain! but the
position of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on my thigh. So Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) got up when dawn broke and there was no
water, so Allah revealed the Verse of Tayammum. Usaid bin Hudair said, "It is not the first blessing of
yours, O the family of Abu Bakr." Then we made the camel on which I was riding, got up, and found
the necklace under it.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 65, Hadith 129
Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from his
father from A'isha umm al-muminin that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, mentioned Safiyya bint Huyy and
he was told that she had started her period. The Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Perhaps she will delay
us." They said, "Messenger of Allah, she has done tawaf," and the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,
"Then she will not delay us."
Malik said that Hisham said
that Urwa said that A'isha said, "We have publicized that, so why do
people make their women stay on to their inconvenience? If it were as
they say, more than six thousand menstruating women would still be in
Mina in the morning, all of them having already done the tawaf al-
ifada.' "
Muwatta Malik Book 20, Hadith 240
"We were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) when a man entered the Masjid and prayed. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) watched him without him realizing, then he finished, came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and greeted him with salam. He returned the salam and said: "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.'" He (the narrator) said: "I do not know if it was the second or third time,- "(the man) said: 'By the One Who revealed the Book to you, I have tried my best. Teach me and show me.' He said: 'When you want to pray, perform wudu' and do it well, then stand up and face the qiblah. Then say the takbir, then recite, then bow until you are at ease in bowing. Then stand up until you are standing up straight. Then prostrate until you are at ease in prostration, then raise your head until you are at ease in sitting, then prostrate until you are at ease in prostration. If you do that then you will have done your prayer properly, and whatever you failed to do properly is going to detract from your prayer."
Sunan an-Nasa'i Book 12, Hadith 25
Once I went to Medina where there was an outbreak of disease and the people were dying rapidly. I
was sitting with `Umar and a funeral procession passed by. The people praised the deceased. `Umar
said, "It has been affirmed" (Paradise). Then another funeral procession passed by. The people praised
the deceased. `Umar said, "It has been affirmed." (Paradise). Then another funeral procession passed
by. The people praised the deceased. `Umar said, "It has been affirmed (Paradise)." Then a third
funeral procession passed by and the people talked badly of the deceased. `Umar said, "It has been
affirmed (Hell)." I asked `Umar, "O chief of the believers! What has been affirmed?" He said, "I have
said what the Prophet (ﷺ) said. He said, 'Allah will admit into paradise any Muslim whose good character
is attested by four persons.' We asked the Prophet, 'If there were three witnesses only?' He said, 'Even
three.' We asked, 'If there were two only?' He said, 'Even two.' But we did not ask him about one
witness."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 52, Hadith 7