Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Said ibn al-
Musayyab that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, forbade muzabana and muhaqala. Muzabana was selling fresh
dates for dried dates. Muhaqala was buying unharvested wheat in
exchange for threshed wheat and renting land in exchange for wheat.
Ibn Shihab added that he had asked Said ibn al-Musayyab about
renting land for gold and silver. He said, "There is no harm in it."
Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, forbade muzabana. The explanation of muzabana is that
it is buying something whose number, weight and measure is not known
with something whose number, weight or measure is known, for instance,
if a man has a stack of food whose measure is not known, either of
wheat, dates, or whatever food, or the man has goods of wheat, date
kernels, herbs, safflower, cotton, flax, silk, and does not know its
measure or weight or number and then a buyer approaches him and
proposes that he weigh or measure or count the goods, but, before he
does, he specifies a certain weight, or measure, or number and
guarantees to pay the price for that amount, agreeing that whatever
falls short of that amount is a loss against him and whatever is in
excess of that amount is a gain for him. That is not a sale. It is
taking risks and it is an uncertain transaction. It falls into the
category of gambling because he is not buying something from him for
something definite which he pays. Everything which resembles this is
also forbidden."
Malik said that another example of that was,
for instance, a man proposing to another man, "You have cloth. I will
guarantee you from this cloth of yours so many hooded cloaks, the
measureof each cloak to be such-and-such, (naming a measurement).
Whatever loss there is, is against me and I will fulfill you the
specified amount and whatever excess there is, is mine." Or perhaps
the man proposed, "I will guarantee you from this cloth of yours so
many shirts, the measurement of each shirt to be such-and-such, and
whatever loss there is, is against me and I will fulfill the specified
amount and whatever excess there is, is mine." Or perhaps a man
proposed to a man who had cattle or camel hides, "I will cut up these
hides of yours into sandals on a pattern I will show you. Whatever
falls short of a hundred pairs, I will make up its loss and whatever
is over is mine because I guaranteed you." Another example was that a
man say to a man who had ben-nuts, "I will press these nuts of yours.
Whatever falls short of such-and-such a weight by the pound, I will
make it up, and whatever is more than that is mine."
Malik
said that all this and whatever else was like it or resembled it was
in the category of muzabana, which was neither good nor permitted. It
was also the same case for a man to say to a man, who had fodder
leaves, date kernels, cotton, flax, herbs or safflower, "I will buy
these leaves from you in exchange for such-and-such a sa, (indicating
leaves which are pounded like his leaves) . . or these date kernels
for such-and-such a sa of kernels like them, and the like of that in
the case of safflower, cotton, flax and herbs."
Malik said,
"All this is what we have described of muzabana."
Muwatta Malik Book 31, Hadith 25
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Said ibn
al-Musayyab that Abu Musa al-Ashari came to A'isha, the wife of the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said to her,
"The disagreement of the companions in a matter which I hate to bring
before you has distressed me." She said, "What is that? You did not
ask your mother about it, so ask me." He said, "A man penetrates his
wife, but becomes listless and does not ejaculate. "She said, "When
the circumcised part passes the circumcised part ghusl is obligatory."
Abu Musa added, "I shall never ask anyone about this after you."
Muwatta Malik Book 2, Hadith 74
'Adba belonged to a man of Banu 'Aqil. It used to go ahead of pligrims. The man was then captivated. He was brought in chains to the Prophet (ﷺ). The Prophet (ﷺ) was riding on a donkey with a blanket on him. He said: Muhammad, why do you arrest me and capture the one (i.e. the she-camel) which goes ahead of the pilgrims. He replied: We are arresting you on account of the crime committed by your allies Thaqid. Thaqif captivated two persons from among the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ). He said (whatever he said) I am a Muslim, or he said: I have embraced Islam. When the Prophet (ﷺ) went ahead, he called him: O Muhammed, O Muhammed. Abu Dawud said: I learnt it from the version of the narrator Muhammad b. 'Isa. The Prophet (ﷺ) was compassionate and kind hearted. So he returned to him, and asked: What is the matter with you ? He replied: I am a Muslim. He said: Had you said it when the matter was in your hand, you would have succeeded completely. Abu Dawud said: I then returned to the version of the narrator Sulaiman (b. Harb). He said: Muhammad, I am hungry, so feed me. I am thirsty, so give me water. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: This is your need, or he said: This is his need (the narrator is doubtful). Later on the man was taken back (by Thaqif) as a ransom for the two men (of the Companions of the Prophet). The Prophet (ﷺ) retained 'Adba for his journey. The narrator said: The polytheists raided the pasturing animals of Medina and they took away 'Adba. When they took away 'Adba, they also captivated a Muslim woman. They used to leave their camels in the fields for rest at night. One night they slept and the (Muslim) woman stood up. Any camel on which she put her hand brayed until she came to 'Adba. She came to a she-camel which was docile and experienced. She then rode on her and vowed to Allah that if He saved her, she would sacrifice it. When she came to Medina, the people recognized the she-camel of the Prophet (ﷺ). The Prophet (ﷺ) was then informed about it and he sent for her. She was brought to him and she informed him about her vow. He said: It is a bad return that you have given it. Allah has not saved you, on its (back) that you now sacrifice it. A vow to do an act of disobedience must not be fulfilled, or to do something over which one has no control.
Abu Dawud said: This woman was the wife of Abu Dharr.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 22, Hadith 75
"The sun eclipsed during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he rushed out, dragging his cloak until he came to the masjid. He continued leading us in prayer until the eclipse ended. When it ended, he said: 'People claim that the eclipse of the sun and moon only happen when a great man dies, but that is not so. Eclipses of the sun and the moon do not happen for the death or birth of anyone, but they are signs from Allah (SWT), the Mighty and Sublime. When Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, manifests Himself to anything of His creation, it humbles itself before Him, so if you see that then pray like the last obligatory prayer you did before that.'"
Sunan an-Nasa'i Book 16, Hadith 27
Allah has cursed the woman who tattoo and the women who have themselves tattooed, the women who add false hair (according to the version of Muhammad b. Isa) and the women who pluck hairs from their faces (according to the version on 'Uthman). The agreed version then goes: The women who spaces between their teeth for beauty, changing what Allah has created. When a woman of Banu Asad called Umm Ya'qub, who read the Quran (according to the version of 'Uthman) heard it, she came to him (according to the agreed version) and said: I have heard that you have cursed the women who tattoo, those have themselves tattooed, those who add false hair (according to the version of Muhammad), those pluck hairs from their faces, and those who make spaces between their teeth (according to the agreed version), for changing what Allah has created (according to the version of 'Uthman). He said: Why should I not curse those whom the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had cursed and those who were mentioned in Allah's Book ? She said: I have read it from cover to cover and have not found in it. He said: I swear by Allah, if you read it, you would have found it. He then read: What the Apostle has brought you accept, and what he has forbidden refrain from it. She said: I find some of these thing in you wife. He said: Enter (the house) and see. She said: I then entered (the house) and came out. He asked: What did you see ? She said: I did not see (anything). He said: Had it been so, she would have not have been with us. This is according to the version of 'Uthman.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 35, Hadith 11
A man from Najd with unkempt hair came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and we heard
his loud voice but could not understand what he was saying, till he
came near and then we came to know that he was asking about Islam.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "You have to offer prayers perfectly five times
in a day and night (24 hours)." The man asked, "Is there any more
(praying)?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "No, but if you want to offer the
Nawafil prayers (you can)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) further said to him: "You
have to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan." The man asked,
"Is there any more fasting?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "No, but if you
want to observe the Nawafil fasts (you can.)" Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)
further said to him, "You have to pay the Zakat (obligatory charity)."
The man asked, "Is there any thing other than the Zakat for me to
pay?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "No, unless you want to give alms of
your own." And then that man retreated saying, "By Allah! I will
neither do less nor more than this." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "If what he
said is true, then he will be successful (i.e. he will be granted
Paradise)."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 2, Hadith 39
the Messenger of Allah wrote a letter to the people of Yemen, included in which were the rules of inheritance, the sunan and the (rules concerning) blood money. He sent it with 'Arm bin Hazm and it was read to the people of Yemen, Its contents were as follows: "From Muhammad the Prophet to Shurahbil bin 'Abd Kulal, Nu'aim bin 'Abd Kulal, Al-Harith bin' Abd Kulal, Qail dhil-Ru'ain, Mu'afir and Hamdan. To precede" - And in this letter it said that whoevewrkills a believer for no just reason is to be killed in return, unless the heirs of the victim agree to pardon him. For killing a person, the Diyah is one hundred camels. For the nose, if it is cut off completely, diyah must be paid, for the tongue, diyah must be paid; for the lips, Diyah must be paid; for the testicles, Diyah must be paid; for the ends, Diyah must be paid; for the backbone, Dynamist be paid; for the eyes, Diyah must be paid; for one leg, half the Diyah must be paid; for a blow to the head that reaches the brain, one-third of thediyah must be paid; for a stab wound that penetrates deeply into the body, one-third of the diyah must be paid; for a blow that breaks the bone, fifteen camels must be given; for every digit of the hands or feet, ten camels must be given; for a tooth five camels must be given; for an injury that exposes the bone, five camels must be given. A man may be killed in return for (killing) a woman and those who deal in gold must pay one thousand dinars. (Daif)
Sunan an-Nasa'i Book 45, Hadith 148