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Malik said, "The inheritance of a husband from a wife when she
leaves no children or grandchildren through sons is a half. If she
leaves children or grandchildren through sons, male or female, by her
present or previous husbands, the husband has a quarter after bequests
or debts. The inheritance of a wife from a husband who does not leave
children or grandchildren through sons is a quarter. If he leaves
children or grandchildren through sons, male or female, the wife has
an eighth after bequests and debts. That is because Allah, the
Blessed, the Exalted! said in His Book, 'You have a half of what your
wives leave if they have no children. If they have children, you have
a fourth of what they leave after bequests and debts. They have a
fourth of what you leave if you have no children. If you have
children, they have an eighth after bequests or debts.' " (Sura4ayat
11).
Muwatta Malik Book 27, Hadith 2
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Yahya related to me from Malik, "The generally agreed upon way of
doing things among us and what I have seen the people of knowledge
doing in our city about the fixed shares of inheritance of children
from the mother or father when one or other of them dies is that if
they leave male and female children, the male takes the portion of two
females. If there are only females, and there are more than two, they
get two thirds of what is left between them. If there is only one, she
gets a half. If someone shares with the children, who has a fixed
share and there are males among them, the reckoner begins with the
ones with fixed shares. What remains after that is divided among the
children according to their inheritance.
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Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us
about which there is no dispute and what I have seen the people of
knowledge in our city doing is that when a father inherits from a son
or a daughter and the deceased leaves children, or grandchildren
through a son, the father has a fixed share of one sixth. If the
deceased does leave any children or male grandchildren through a son,
the apportioning begins with those with whom the father shares in the
fixed shares. They are given their fixed shares. If a sixth or more is
left over, the sixth and what is above it is given to the father, and
if there is less than a sixth left, the father is given his sixth as a
fixed share, (i.e. the other shares are adjusted.)