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Hadith 34458
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that al-Qasim
ibn Muhammad and Nafi, the mawla of Abdullah ibn Umar said, "You
cannot do itikaf unless you are fasting, because of what Allah, the
Blessed and Exalted, says in His Book, 'And eat and drink until the
white thread becomes clear to you from the black thread of dawn, then
complete the fast until night-time, and do not have intercourse with
them while you are doing itikaf in mosques,' (Sura 2 ayat 187). Allah
only mentions itikaf together with fasting."
Malik said,
"That is what we go by here."
Muwatta Malik Book 19, Hadith 4
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Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab
whether someone doing itikaf could go into a house to relieve himself,
and he said, "Yes, there is no harm in that."
Malik said,
"The situation that we are all agreed upon here is that there is no
disapproval of anyone doing itikaf in a mosque where jumua is held.
The only reason I see for disapproving of doing itikaf in a mosque
where jumua is not held is that the man doing itikaf would have to
leave the mosque where he was doing itikaf in order to go to jumua, or
else not go there at all. If, however, he is doing itikaf in a mosque
where jumua is not held, and he does not have to go to jumua in any
other mosque, then I see no harm in him doing itikaf there, because
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says, 'While you are doing itikaf in
mosques,' and refers to all mosques in general, without specifying any
particular kind."
Malik continued, "Accordingly, it is
permissiblefor a man to do itikaf in a mosque where jumua is not held
if he does not have to leave it to go to a mosque where jumua is
held."
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should spend the
night only in the mosque where he is doing itikaf, except if his tent
is in one of the courtyards of the mosque. I have never heard that
someone doing itikaf can put up a shelter anywhere except in the
mosque itself or in one of the courtyards of the mosque.
Part
of what shows that he must spend the night in the mosque is the saying
of A'isha, 'When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, was doing itikaf, he would only go into the house to
relieve himself.' Nor should he do itikaf on the roof of the mosque or
in the minaret."
Malik said, "The person who is going to do
itikaf should enter the place where he wishes to do itikaf before the
sun sets on the night when he wishes to begin his itikaf, so that he
is ready to begin the itikaf at the beginning of the night when he is
going to start his itikaf. A person doing itikaf should be occupied
with his itikaf, and not turn his attention to other things which
might occupy him, such as trading or whatever. There is no harm,
however, if some one doing itikaf tells some one to do something for
him regarding his estate, or the affairs of his family, or tells
someone to sell some property of his, or something else that does not
occupy him directly. There is no harm in him arranging for someone
else to do that for him if it is a simple matter."
Malik
said, "I have never heard any of the people of knowledge mentioning
any modification as far as how to do itikaf is concerned. Itikaf is an
act of ibada like the prayer, fasting, the hajj, and such like acts,
whether they are obligatory or voluntary. Anyone who begins doing any
of these acts should do them according to what has come down in the
sunna. He should not start doing anything in them that the muslims
have not done, whether it is a modification that he imposes on others,
or one that he begins doing himself. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, practised itikaf, and the muslims know
what the sunna of itikaf is."
Malik said, "Itikaf and jiwar
are the same, and Itikaf is the same for a village-dweller as it is
for a nomad." Muwatta Malik Book 19, Hadith 3
Next Hadith →
Yahya related to me that Ziyad ibn Abd ar-Rahman said, "Malik
related to us from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman,
that Abu Bakr ibn Abd ar-Rahman was once doing itikaf and he would go
out to relieve himself in a closed room under a roofed passage in
Khalid ibn Walid's house. Otherwise he did not leave his place of
itikaf until he went to pray at the Id with the muslims." Muwatta Malik Book 19, Hadith 5