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Yahya related to me from Malik, from his uncle Abu Suhayl from
his father that Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote to Abu Musa saying that he
should pray dhuhr when the sun had started to decline, asr when the
sun was still pure white before any yellowness had entered it maghrib
when the sun had set, and to delay isha as long as he did not sleep,
and to pray subh when the stars were all visible and like a haze in
the sky and to read in it two long suras from the mufassal.
Muwatta Malik Book 1, Hadith 7
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Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi', the mawla of Abdullah ibn Umar, that Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote to his governors
saying, "The most important of your affairs in my view is the prayer.
Whoever protects it and observes it carefully is protecting his deen,
while whoever is negligent about it will be even more negligent about
other things." Then he added, "Pray dhuhr any time from when the
afternoon shade is the length of your forearm until the length of your
shadow matches your height. Pray asr when the sun is still pure white,
so that a rider can travel two or three farsakhs before the sun sets.
Pray maghrib when the sun has set. Pray isha any time from when the
redness in the western sky has disappeared until a third of the night
has passed - and a person who sleeps, may he have no rest, a person
who sleeps, may he have no rest. And pray subh when all the stars are
visible and like a haze in the sky."
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Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from his
father that Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote to Abu Musa al-Ashari that he
should pray asr when the sun was still pure white so that a man could
ride three farsakhs (before maghrib) and that he should pray Isha
during the first third of the night, or, if he delayed it, then up
until the middle of the night, and he warned him not to be forgetful.