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(The tribe of) Quraish used to fast on the day of Ashura' in the Pre-Islamic period, and then Allah's
Apostle ordered (Muslims) to fast on it till the fasting in the month of Ramadan was prescribed;
whereupon the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "He who wants to fast (on 'Ashura') may fast, and he who does not want
to fast may not fast."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 30, Hadith 3
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The Prophet (ﷺ) observed the fast on the 10th of Muharram ('Ashura), and ordered (Muslims) to fast on
that day, but when the fasting of the month of Ramadan was prescribed, the fasting of the 'Ashura' was
abandoned. `Abdullah did not use to fast on that day unless it coincided with his routine fasting by
chance.
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Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Fasting is a shield (or a screen or a shelter). So, the person observing fasting
should avoid sexual relation with his wife and should not behave foolishly and impudently, and if
somebody fights with him or abuses him, he should tell him twice, 'I am fasting." The Prophet (ﷺ) added,
"By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, the smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is
better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. (Allah says about the fasting person), 'He has left
his food, drink and desires for My sake. The fast is for Me. So I will reward (the fasting person) for it
and the reward of good deeds is multiplied ten times."