When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) appeared as a prophet, Hamdan said to me: Will you go to this man and negotiate for us (with him)? If you accept something, we shall accept it, and if you disapprove of something, we shall disapprove of it.
I said: Yes. So I proceeded until I came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). I liked his motive and my people embraced Islam. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) wrote the document for Umayr Dhu Marran. He also sent Malik ibn Murarah ar-Rahawi to all the (people of) Yemen. So Akk Dhu Khaywan embraced Islam.
Akk was told: Go to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and obtain his protection for your town and property. He therefore came (to him) and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) wrote a document for him:
"In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Akk Dhu Khaywan. If he is true his land, property and slave, he has the security and the protection of Allah, and Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah. Written by Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As."
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 20, Hadith 100
Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things in our
community about a mudabbar is that the owner cannot sell him or change
the position in which he has put him. If a debt overtakes the master,
his creditors cannot sell the mudabbar as long as the master is alive.
If the master dies and has no debts, the mudabbar is included in the
third (of the bequest) because he expected his work from him as long
as he lived. He cannot serve him all his life, and then he frees him
from his heirs out of the main portion of his property when he dies.
If the master of the mudabbar dies and has no property other than him,
one third of him is freed, and two thirds of him belong to the heirs.
If the master of the mudabbar dies and owes a debt which encompasses
the mudabbar, he is sold to meet the debt because he can only be freed
in the third (which is allowed for bequest) ."
He said, "If
the debt only includes half of the slave, half of him is sold for the
debt. Then a third of what remains after the debt is freed. "
Malik said, "It is not permitted to sell a mudabbar and it is not
permitted for anyone to buy him unless the mudabbar buys himself from
his master. He is permitted to do that. Or else some one gives the
master of the mudabbar money and his master who made him a mudabbar
frees him. That is also permitted for him."
Malik said, "His
wala' belongs to his master who made him a mudabbar."
Malik
said, "It is not permitted to sell the service of a mudabbar because
it is an uncertain transaction since one does not know how long his
master will live. That is uncertain and it is not good."
Malik spoke about a slave who was shared between two men, and one of
them made his portion mudabbar. He said, "They estimate his value
between them. If the one who made him mudabbar buys him, he is all
mudabbar. If he does not buy him, his tadbir is revoked unless the one
who retains ownership of him wishes to give his partner who made him
mudabbar his value. If he gives him to him for his value, that is
binding, and he is all mudabbar."
Malik spoke about the
christian man who made a christian slave of his mudabbar and then the
slave became muslim. He said, "One separates the master and the slave,
and the slave is removed from his christian master and is not sold
until his situation becomes clear. If the christian dies and has a
debt, his debt is paid from the price of the slave unless he has in
his estate what will pay the debt. Then the mudabbar is set free."
Muwatta Malik Book 40, Hadith 6
The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed (and the sub-narrator Ibrahim said, "I do not know whether he prayed more or less
than usual"), and when he had finished the prayers he was asked, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Has there been
any change in the prayers?" He said, "What is it?' The people said, "You have prayed so much and so
much." So the Prophet (ﷺ) bent his legs, faced the Qibla and performed two prostration's (of Sahu) and
finished his prayers with Taslim (by turning his face to right and left saying: 'As-Salamu `Alaikum-
Warahmat-ullah'). When he turned his face to us he said, "If there had been anything changed in the
prayer, surely I would have informed you but I am a human being like you and liable to forget like
you. So if I forget remind me and if anyone of you is doubtful about his prayer, he should follow what
he thinks to be correct and complete his prayer accordingly and finish it and do two prostrations (of
Sahu).
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 8, Hadith 52
When the Prophet (ﷺ) got up at night to offer the Tahajjud prayer, he used to say: Allahumma lakal-hamd.
Anta qaiyyimus-samawati wal-ard wa man fihinna. Walakal-hamd, Laka mulkus-samawati wal-ard wa
man fihinna. Walakal-hamd, anta nurus-samawati wal-ard. Wa lakal-hamd, anta-l-haq wa wa'duka-lhaq,
wa liqa'uka Haq, wa qauluka Haq, wal-jannatu Han wan-naru Haq wannabiyuna Haq. Wa
Muhammadun, sallal-lahu'alaihi wasallam, Haq, was-sa'atu Haq. Allahumma aslamtu Laka wabika
amantu, wa 'Alaika tawakkaltu, wa ilaika anabtu wa bika khasamtu, wa ilaika hakamtu faghfir li ma
qaddamtu wama akh-khartu wama as-rartu wama'a lantu, anta-l-muqaddim wa anta-l-mu akh-khir, la
ilaha illa anta (or la ilaha ghairuka). (O Allah! All the praises are for you, You are the Holder of the
Heavens and the Earth, And whatever is in them. All the praises are for You; You have the possession
of the Heavens and the Earth And whatever is in them. All the praises are for You; You are the Light
of the Heavens and the Earth And all the praises are for You; You are the King of the Heavens and the
Earth; And all the praises are for You; You are the Truth and Your Promise is the truth, And to meet
You is true, Your Word is the truth And Paradise is true And Hell is true And all the Prophets (Peace
be upon them) are true; And Muhammad is true, And the Day of Resurrection is true. O Allah ! I
surrender (my will) to You; I believe in You and depend on You. And repent to You, And with Your
help I argue (with my opponents, the non-believers) And I take You as a judge (to judge between us).
Please forgive me my previous And future sins; And whatever I concealed or revealed And You are
the One who make (some people) forward And (some) backward. There is none to be worshipped but
you . Sufyan said that `Abdul Karim Abu Umaiya added to the above, 'Wala haula Wala quwata illa
billah' (There is neither might nor power except with Allah).
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 19, Hadith 1
"Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans" -A man would have an orphan in his care, and he would keep his food, drink and vessels separate. This caused hardship to the Muslims, so Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed: "And they ask you concerning orphans. Say: The best thing is to work honestly in their property, and if you mix your affairs with theirs, then they are your brothers" (in religion), so it is permissible for you to mix with them.
Sunan an-Nasa'i Book 30, Hadith 60