Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from his
father that A'isha, umm al-muminin said, "Rashness in oaths is that a
man says, 'By Allah, No! by Allah!' " i.e. out of habit.
Malik said, "The best of what I have heard on the matter is that
rashness in oaths is that a man take an oath on something to show that
he is certain that it is like he said, only to find that it is other
than what he said. This is rashness."
Malik said, "The
binding oath is for example, that a man says that he will not sell his
garment for ten dinars, and then he sells it for that, or that he will
beat his young slave and then does not beat him, and so on. One does
kaffara for making such an oath, and there is no kaffara in rashness."
Malik said, "As for the one who swears to a thing which he
knows is wicked, and he swears to a lie he knows to be a lie, in order
to please someone with it or to excuse himself to someone by it or to
gain money by it, no kaffara that he does for it can cover it."
Muwatta Malik Book 22, Hadith 10
Abraham did not tell a lie except on three occasion. Twice for the Sake of Allah when he said, "I am
sick," and he said, "(I have not done this but) the big idol has done it." The (third was) that while
Abraham and Sarah (his wife) were going (on a journey) they passed by (the territory of) a tyrant.
Someone said to the tyrant, "This man (i.e. Abraham) is accompanied by a very charming lady." So,
he sent for Abraham and asked him about Sarah saying, "Who is this lady?" Abraham said, "She is my
sister." Abraham went to Sarah and said, "O Sarah! There are no believers on the surface of the earth
except you and I. This man asked me about you and I have told him that you are my sister, so don't
contradict my statement." The tyrant then called Sarah and when she went to him, he tried to take hold
of her with his hand, but (his hand got stiff and) he was confounded. He asked Sarah. "Pray to Allah
for me, and I shall not harm you." So Sarah asked Allah to cure him and he got cured. He tried to take
hold of her for the second time, but (his hand got as stiff as or stiffer than before and) was more
confounded. He again requested Sarah, "Pray to Allah for me, and I will not harm you." Sarah asked
Allah again and he became alright. He then called one of his guards (who had brought her) and said,
"You have not brought me a human being but have brought me a devil." The tyrant then gave Hajar as
a girl-servant to Sarah. Sarah came back (to Abraham) while he was praying. Abraham, gesturing with
his hand, asked, "What has happened?" She replied, "Allah has spoiled the evil plot of the infidel (or
immoral person) and gave me Hajar for service." (Abu Huraira then addressed his listeners saying,
"That (Hajar) was your mother, O Bani Ma-is-Sama (i.e. the Arabs, the descendants of Ishmael,
Hajar's son).
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 60, Hadith 33
On the day (of the battle) of Khaibar the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Tomorrow I will give the flag to somebody
who will be given victory (by Allah) and who loves Allah and His Apostle and is loved by Allah and
His Apostle." So, the people wondered all that night as to who would receive the flag and in the
morning everyone hoped that he would be that person. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asked, "Where is `Ali?" He
was told that `Ali was suffering from eye-trouble, so he applied saliva to his eyes and invoked Allah
to cure him. He at once got cured as if he had no ailment. The Prophet (ﷺ) gave him the flag. `Ali said,
"Should I fight them till they become like us (i.e. Muslim)?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Go to them patiently
and calmly till you enter the land. Then, invite them to Islam, and inform them what is enjoined upon
them, for, by Allah, if Allah gives guidance to somebody through you, it is better for you than
possessing red camels."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 56, Hadith 218
Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from his
father from A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, said, "Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer."
A'isha said, "Messenger of Allah, when Abu Bakr stands in your place
his voice does not reach the ears of the people because of his
weeping, so tell Umar to lead the people in prayer." He said, "Tell
Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer." A'isha continued, "I told
Hafsa to tell him that when Abu Bakr stood in his place his voice did
not reach the ears of the people because of his weeping, and that he
should tell Umar to lead the people in prayer. Hafsa did so, and the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,
'You are the companions of Yusuf! (referring to the women who cut
their hands when they saw the beauty of Yusuf). Tell Abu Bakr to lead
the people in prayer!' "
A'isha added that Hafsa said to her,
"I have never had anything good from you!"
Muwatta Malik Book 9, Hadith 91
Yahya said that he heard Malik speak about a man who bought goods
- animals or clothes or wares, and the sale was found not to be
permitted so it was revoked and the one who had taken the goods was
ordered to return the owner his goods. Malik said, "The owner of the
goods only has their value on the day they were taken from him, and
not on the day they are returned to him. That is because the man is
liable for them from the day he took them and whatever loss is in them
after that is against him. For that reason, their increase and growth
are also his. A man may take the goods at a time when they are selling
well and are in demand, and then have to return them at a time when
they have fallen in price and no one wants them. For instance, the man
may take the goods from the other man, and sell them for ten dinars or
keep them while their price is that. Then he may have to return them
while their price is only a dinar. He should not go off with nine
dinars from the man's property. Or perhaps they are taken by the man,
and he sells them for a dinar or keeps them, while their price is only
a dinar, then he has to return them, and their value on the day he
returns them is ten dinars. The one who took them does not have to pay
nine dinars from his property to the owner. He is only obliged to pay
the value of what he took possession of on the day it was taken ."
He said, "Part of what clarifies this is that when a thief
steals goods, only their price on the day he stole them is looked at.
If cutting off the hand is necessary because of it, that is done. If
the cutting off is delayed, either because the thief is imprisoned
until his situation is examined or he flees and then is caught, the
delay of the cutting off of the hand does not make the hadd, which was
obliged for him on the day he stole, fall from him even if those goods
become cheap after that. Nor does delay oblige cutting off the hand if
it was not obliged on the day he took those goods, even if they become
expensive after that."
Muwatta Malik Book 37, Hadith 9
(This is Ma'mar's version which is more accurate.) A man and a woman of the Jews committed fornication.
Some of them said to the others: Let us go to this Prophet, for he has been sent with an easy law. If he gives a judgment lighter than stoning, we shall accept it, and argue about it with Allah, saying: It is a judgment of one of your prophets. So they came to the Prophet (ﷺ) who was sitting in the mosque among his companions.
They said: AbulQasim, what do you think about a man and a woman who committed fornication? He did not speak to them a word till he went to their school.
He stood at the gate and said: I adjure you by Allah Who revealed the Torah to Moses, what (punishment) do you find in the Torah for a person who commits fornication, if he is married?
They said: He shall be blackened with charcoal, taken round a donkey among the people, and flogged. A young man among them kept silent.
When the Prophet (ﷺ) emphatically adjured him, he said: By Allah, since you have adjured us (we inform you that) we find stoning in the Torah (is the punishment for fornication).
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: So when did you lessen the severity of Allah's command? He said:
A relative of one of our kings had committed fornication, but his stoning was suspended. Then a man of a family of common people committed fornication. He was to have been stoned, but his people intervened and said: Our man shall not be stoned until you bring your man and stone him. So they made a compromise on this punishment between them.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: So I decide in accordance with what the Torah says. He then commanded regarding them and they were stoned to death.
Az-Zuhri said: We have been informed that this verse was revealed about them: "It was We Who revealed the Law (to Moses): therein was guidance and light. By its standard have been judged the Jews, by the Prophet who bowed (as in Islam) to Allah's will.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 40, Hadith 100
“When you go to your bed, perform the Wudu’ as you would perform for Salat. Then lie on your right side, then say: ‘O Allah, I submit my face to You, and I entrust my affair to You, and I lay myself down relying upon You, hoping in You and fearing You. There is no refuge nor escape from You except to You. I believe in Your Book which You have revealed, and in Your Prophet whom You have sent (Allāhumma aslamtu wajhī ilaika wa fawwaḍtu amrī ilaika, wa alja’tu ẓahrī ilaika, raghbatan wa rahbatan ilaika, lā malja’a wa lā manjā minka illā ilaika, āmantu bikitābikalladhī anzalta wa bi-nabiyykalladhī arsalt).’ And if you die that night, you shall die upon the Fitrah” - Al-Bara’ said: I repeated it to retain it in memory, “So I said: ‘I believe in Your Messenger whom You have sent.’” He said: “So he (ﷺ) struck with his hand upon my chest, then said: ‘And in Your Prophet whom You have sent.’”
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Book 48, Hadith 205
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "(The Prophet) Moses was a shy person and used to cover his body completely
because of his extensive shyness. One of the children of Israel hurt him by saying, 'He covers his body
in this way only because of some defect in his skin, either leprosy or scrotal hernia, or he has some
other defect.' Allah wished to clear Moses of what they said about him, so one day while Moses was
in seclusion, he took off his clothes and put them on a stone and started taking a bath. When he had
finished the bath, he moved towards his clothes so as to take them, but the stone took his clothes and
fled; Moses picked up his stick and ran after the stone saying, 'O stone! Give me my garment!' Till he
reached a group of Bani Israel who saw him naked then, and found him the best of what Allah had
created, and Allah cleared him of what they had accused him of. The stone stopped there and Moses
took and put his garment on and started hitting the stone with his stick. By Allah, the stone still has
some traces of the hitting, three, four or five marks. This was what Allah refers to in His Saying:-- "O
you who believe! Be you not like those Who annoyed Moses, But Allah proved his innocence of that
which they alleged, And he was honorable In Allah's Sight." (33.69)
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 60, Hadith 77
“I entered upon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
when
he was (sitting) on a reed mat. I sat down and (saw that) he was
wearing a waist wrap, and there was no other barrier between him and
the mat but his waist wrap, and the reed mat had made marks on his
side. And I saw a handful of barley, nearly a Sa’, and some acacia
leaves, in a corner of the room, and a skin hanging up. My eyes
flowed
with tears, and he said: ‘Why are you weeping, O son of
Khattab?’ I
said: ‘O Prophet of Allah, why should I not weep?
This mat has made
marks on your side, and this is all you have
accumulated, I cannot see
anything other than what I see (here),
while Chosroes and Caesar live
among fruits and rivers. You are the
Prophet of Allah and His Chosen
One, and this is what you have
accumulated.’ He said: ‘O son of
Khattab, does it not please you
(to know) that (these things) are for
us in the Hereafter and for
them in this world?’ He said: ‘Yes.’”
Sunan Ibn Majah Book 37, Hadith 54
Malik related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam that a man confessed to
fornication in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, called for a whip, and he was brought a broken whip.
He said, "Above this," and he was brought a new whip whose knots had
not been cut yet. He said, "Below this," and he was brought a whip
which had been used and made flexible. The Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave the order and he was
flogged. Then he said, "People! The time has come for you to observe
the limits of Allah. Whoever has had any of these ugly things befall
him should cover them up with the veil of Allah. Whoever reveals to us
his wrong action, we perform what is in the Book of Allah against
him."
Muwatta Malik Book 41, Hadith 12
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Who would kill Ka`b bin Al-Ashraf as he has harmed Allah and His Apostle ?"
Muhammad bin Maslama (got up and) said, "I will kill him." So, Muhammad bin Maslama went to
Ka`b and said, "I want a loan of one or two Wasqs of food grains." Ka`b said, "Mortgage your women
to me." Muhammad bin Maslama said, "How can we mortgage our women, and you are the most
handsome among the Arabs?" He said, "Then mortgage your sons to me." Muhammad said, "How can
we mortgage our sons, as the people will abuse them for being mortgaged for one or two Wasqs of
food grains? It is shameful for us. But we will mortgage our arms to you." So, Muhammad bin
Maslama promised him that he would come to him next time. They (Muhammad bin Maslama and his
companions came to him as promised and murdered him. Then they went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and told him
about it.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 48, Hadith 3
When the Prophet (ﷺ) proceeded for the Battle of Badr, I said to him: Messenger of Allah allow me to accompany you in the battle. I shall act as a nurse for patients. It is possible that Allah might bestow martyrdom upon me. He said: Stay at your home. Allah, the Almighty , will bestow martyrdom upon you.
The narrator said: Hence she was called martyr. She read the Qur'an. She sought permission from the Prophet (ﷺ) to have a mu'adhdhin in her house. He, therefore, permitted her (to do so).
She announced that her slave and slave-girl would be free after her death. One night they went to her and strangled her with a sheet of cloth until she died, and they ran away.
Next day Umar announced among the people, "Anyone who has knowledge about them, or has seen them, should bring them (to him)."
Umar (after their arrest) ordered (to crucify them) and they were crucified. This was the first crucifixion at Medina.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 2, Hadith 201
that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Indeed Allah will distinguish a man from my Ummah before all of creation on the Day of Judgement. Ninety-nine scrolls will be laid out for him, each scroll is as far as the eye can see, then He will say: 'Do you deny any of this? Have those who recorded this wronged you?' He will say: 'No, O Lord!' He will say: Do you have an excuse?' He will say: 'No, O Lord!' So He will say: 'Rather you have a good deed with us, so you shall not be wronged today." Then He will bring out a card (Bitaqah); on it will be: "I testify to La
Ilaha Illallah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger." He will say: 'Bring your scales.' He will say: 'O Lord! What good is this card next to these scrolls?' He will say: 'You shall not be wronged.' He said: 'The scrolls will be put on a pan (of the scale), and the card on (the other) pan: the scrolls will be light, and the card will be heavy, nothing is heavier than the Name of Allah.'"
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Book 40, Hadith 34
Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that the Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered the mosque
and found Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and Umar ibn al-Khattab there. He
questioned them and they said, "Hunger has driven us out." The
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,
"And hunger has brought me out." They went to Abu'l-Haytham ibn at-
Tayyihan al-Ansari. He ordered that some barley that was in the house
be prepared and he got up to slaughter a sheep for them. The Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Leave the
one with milk." He slaughtered a sheep for them and brought them sweet
water and it was hung on a palm-tree. Then they were brought the food
and ate it and drank the water. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, recited, "Then, on that day, you will
be asked concerning pleasure." (Sura 102 ayat 8).
Muwatta Malik Book 49, Hadith 28