It was the custom among the companions of Muhammad that if any of them was fasting and the food
was presented (for breaking his fast), but he slept before eating, he would not eat that night and the
following day till sunset.
Qais bin Sirma-al-Ansari was fasting and came to his wife at the time of Iftar (breaking one's fast) and
asked her whether she had anything to eat. She replied, "No, but I would go and bring some for you."
He used to do hard work during the day, so he was overwhelmed by sleep and slept. When his wife
came and saw him, she said, "Disappointment for you." When it was midday on the following day, he
fainted and the Prophet (ﷺ) was informed about the whole matter and the following verses were revealed:
"You are permitted To go to your wives (for sexual relation) At the night of fasting." So, they were
overjoyed by it. And then Allah also revealed: "And eat and drink Until the white thread Of dawn
appears to you Distinct from the black thread (of the night)." (2.187)
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 30, Hadith 25
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out for one of his expeditions, then when he came back, a black slave girl came to him and said: 'O Messenger of Allah! I took an oath that if Allah returned you safely, I would beat the Duff before you and sing.' So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to her: 'If you have taken an oath, then beat it, and if you have not then do not.' So she started to beat the Duff, and Abu Bakr entered while she was beating it. Then 'Ali entered while she was beating it, then 'Uthman entered while she was beating it. Then 'Umar entered, so she put the Duff under her, and sat upon it. So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Indeed Ash-Shaitan is afraid of you O 'Umar! I was sitting while she beat it, and then Abu Bakr entered while she was beating it, then 'Ali entered while she was beating it, then 'Uthman entered while she was beating it, then when you entered O 'Umar and she put away the Duff.'
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Book 49, Hadith 86
While Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was sitting, a Jew came and said, "O Abul Qasim! One of your companions has
slapped me on my face." The Prophet (ﷺ) asked who that was. He replied that he was one of the Ansar.
The Prophet (ﷺ) sent for him, and on his arrival, he asked him whether he had beaten the Jew. He (replied
in the affirmative and) said, "I heard him taking an oath in the market saying, 'By Him Who gave
Moses superiority over all the human beings.' I said, 'O wicked man! (Has Allah given Moses
superiority) even over Muhammad I became furious and slapped him over his face." The Prophet (ﷺ) said,
"Do not give a prophet superiority over another, for on the Day of Resurrection all the people will fall
unconscious and I will be the first to emerge from the earth, and will see Moses standing and holding
one of the legs of the Throne. I will not know whether Moses has fallen unconscious or the first
unconsciousness was sufficient for him."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 44, Hadith 3
“We came to the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) in
the delegation of Thaqif. The allies of Quraish stayed at the
house
of Mughirah bin Shu’bah, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) camped
Bani Malik in a tent belonging to him. He used to come to us every
night after the ‘Isha’ and speak to us standing on his two feet,
until
he started to shift his weight from one foot to the other. Most
of
what he told us was what he had suffered from his people, the
Quraish.
He said: ‘(The two sides) were not equal. We were weak and
oppressed
and humiliated, and when we went out to Al-Madinah, the
outcome of the
battles between us varied; sometimes we would defeat
them and
sometimes they would defeat us.’ One night he was later
than he
usually was, and I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, you have
come to us
late tonight.’ He said: ‘It occurred to me that I had
not read my
daily portion of Qur’an and I did not want to come out
until I had
completed it.’” Aws said: “I asked the Companions
of the Messenger of
Allah (ﷺ): ‘How did you used to divide up the
Qur’an?’ They said: ‘A
third, a fifth, a seventh, a ninth, an
eleventh, a thirteenth, and
Hizbul-Mufassal.’”
Sunan Ibn Majah Book 5, Hadith 543
'Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhayysah set out for Khaibar because of some problem that had arisen. Someone came to Muhayysah and he told him that 'Abdullah bin Sahl had been Killed and thrown into a pit, or a well. He came to the Jews and said: "By Allah, you killed him. " They said: "By Allah, we did not kill him."Then he went back to the Messenger of Allah and told him about that. Then he and Huwayysah - his brother who was older than him - and 'Abdur-Rahman bin Sahl, came (to the Prophet). Muhayysah, who was the one who had been at Khaibar, began to speak, but the messenger of Allah said: "Let the elder speak first," So Huwayysah elder speaks first." So Huwayysah spoke, then Muhayysah spoke. The Messenger of Allah said: "Either (the Jews) will pay the Diyah for your comanion, or war will be declared on them." The Messenger of Allah sent a letter to that effect (to the Jews) and they wrote back saying: "By Allah, we did not kill him." The Messenger of Allah said to Huwayysah. Muhayysah and 'Abdur-Rahman: "Will you swear an oath establishing your claim to the blood money of your companion?" They said: "No." He said: "Should the jews swear an oath for you? They said: "They are not Muslims." So the Messenger of Allah paid (the Diyah) himself, and he sent one hundred she-camels to their abodes. Sahl said: "A red she-camel from among them kicked me."
Sunan an-Nasa'i Book 45, Hadith 5
"Urwah bin Az-Zubair told me that a woman stole at the time of the Messenger of Allah, during the Conquest. Her people went to Uswamah bin Zaid, to ask him to intercede." 'Urwah said: "When Usamah spoke to him concerning her, the face of the Messenger of Allah changed color and he said: 'Are you speaking to me concerning one of the Hadd punishments of Allah?" Usamah said: 'Pray to Allah for forgiveness for me, O Messenger of Allah.' When evening came, the Messenger of Allah stood up to deliver a speech. He praised Allah as He deserves, then he said: 'The people who came before you were destroyed because, whenever a noble person among them stole, they would carry out the Hadd punishment on him. By the One in whose hand is my soul, if Fatimah bint Muhammad were to steal, I would cut off her hand.' Then the Messenger of Allah ordered that the hand of that woman be cut off. After that she repented sincerely, and 'Aishah said: 'She used to come to me after that, and I would convey her needs to the Messenger of Allah."'
Sunan an-Nasa'i Book 46, Hadith 34
"The people of As-Suffah were the guests of the people of Islam,they had nothing of people nor wealth to rely upon. And By Allah, the One Whom there is none worthy of worship besides Him – I would lay on the ground on my liver (side) due to hunger, And I would fasten a stone to my stomach out of hunger. One day I sat by the way that they (the Companions) use to come out through. Abu Bakr passed and so I asked him about an Ayah from Allah's Book, not asking him except that he might tell me to follow him (for something to eat). But he passed on without doing so. Then `Umar passed, so I asked him about an Ayah from Allah's Book, not asking him except that he might tell me to follow him. But he passed on without doing so. Then Abul-Qasim (s.a.w) passed, and he smiled when he saw me, and said: 'Abu Hurairah?' I said: 'I am here O Messenger of Allah!' He said: 'Come along.' He continued and I followed him, he entered his house, so I sought permission to enter, and he permitted me. He found a bowl of milk and said: 'Where did this milk come from?' It was said: 'It was a gift to us from so – and – so.' So the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: 'O Abu Hurairah' I said: 'I am here O Messenger of Allah!' He said: 'Go to the people of As-Suffah to invite them.' - Now, they were the guests of the people of Islam, they had nothing of people nor wealth to rely upon. Whenever some charity was brought to him, he would send it to them without using any of it. And when a gift was given to him (s.a.w), he would send for them to participate and share with him in it. I became upset about that, and I said (to myself): 'What good will this bowl be among the people of As-Suffah and I am the one bringing it to them?' Then he ordered me to circulate it among them (So I wondered) what of it would reach me from it, and I hoped that I would get from it what would satisfy me. But I would certainly not neglect to obey Allah and obey His Messenger, so I went to them and invited them. When they entered upon him they sat down. He said: 'Abu Hurairah, take the bowl and give it to them.' So I gave it to a man who drank his fill, then he gave it to another one, until it ended up with the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), and all of the people had drank their fill. The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) took the bowl, put it on his hand,then raised his head. He smiled and said: 'Abu Hurairah, drink.' So I drank, then he said: 'Drink.' I kept drinking and he kept on saying, 'Drink.' Then I said: 'By the One Who sent you with the truth! I have no more space for it.' So he took the bowl and praised Allah, mentioned His Name and drank.'” (Sahih)
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Book 37, Hadith 63
There was a black slave girl belonging to an 'Arab tribe and they manumitted her but she remained
with them. The slave girl said, "Once one of their girls (of that tribe) came out wearing a red leather
scarf decorated with precious stones. It fell from her or she placed it somewhere. A kite passed by that
place, saw it Lying there and mistaking it for a piece of meat, flew away with it. Those people
searched for it but they did not find it. So they accused me of stealing it and started searching me and
even searched my private parts." The slave girl further said, "By Allah! while I was standing (in that
state) with those people, the same kite passed by them and dropped the red scarf and it fell amongst
them. I told them, 'This is what you accused me of and I was innocent and now this is it.' " `Aisha
added: That slave girl came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and embraced Islam. She had a tent or a small room
with a low roof in the mosque. Whenever she called on me, she had a talk with me and whenever she
sat with me, she would recite the following: "The day of the scarf (band) was one of the wonders of
our Lord, verily He rescued me from the disbelievers' town. `Aisha added: "Once I asked her, 'What is
the matter with you? Whenever you sit with me, you always recite these poetic verses.' On that she
told me the whole story. "
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 8, Hadith 88
"Ibn 'Abbas met Ka'b at Arafat, so he asked him about something and he kept on saying the Takbir until it reverberated off of the mountains. So Ibn 'Abbas (finally) said: 'We are Banu Hashim.' So Ka'b said: 'Indeed Allah divided His being seen and His speaking between Muhammad and Musa. He spoke to Musa two times, and Muhammad saw Him two times.' Masruq said: 'I entered upon 'Aishah and asked her if Muhammad saw his Lord.' She said: 'You have said something that makes my hair stand on end.' I said: 'Take it easy.' Then I recited: Indeed he saw of the great signs of his Lord (53:18). So she said: 'What do you mean by that? That is only Jibra'il. Whoever informed you that Muhammad saw his Lord, or that (ﷺ) concealed something he was ordered with, or he knew of the five things about which Allah, said: Verily Allah, with Him is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain (31:34) - then he has fabricated the worst lie. Rather he (ﷺ) saw Jibra'il, but he did not see him in his (real) image except two times. One time at Sidrat Al-Muntaha and one time in Jiyad, he had six-hundred wings which filled the horizon.'"
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Book 47, Hadith 330
Yahya said that he heard Malik say, "What I have heard from the
people of knowledge is that if a man succumbs to an illness which
makes fasting very difficult for him and exhausts him and wears him
out, he can break his fast. This is the same as with a sick man in the
prayer, who finds standing to be too difficult and exhausting, (and
Allah knows better than the slave that it is an excuse for him and
that it really cannot be described). If the man is in such a
condition he prays sitting, and the deen of Allah is ease.
Allah has permitted a traveller to break the fast when travelling, and
he has more strength for fasting than a sick man. Allah, the Exalted,
says in His book, 'Whoever among you is ill or on a journey (must
fast) a number of other days,' and Allah has thus permitted a
traveller to break his fast when on a journey, and he is more capable
of fasting than a sick man.
Muwatta Malik Book 18, Hadith 44