Sahl bin Sa`d was asked about the (Prophet's) pulpit as to what thing it was made of? Sahl replied:
"None remains alive amongst the people, who knows about it better than I. It was made of tamarisk
(wood) of the forest. So and so, the slave of so and so prepared it for Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) . When it was
constructed and place (in the Mosque), Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stood on it facing the Qibla and said 'Allahu
Akbar', and the people stood behind him (and led the people in prayer). He recited and bowed and the
people bowed behind him. Then he raised his head and stepped back, got down and prostrated on the
ground and then he again ascended the pulpit, recited, bowed, raised his head and stepped back, got
down and prostrate on the ground. So, this is what I know about the pulpit."
Ahmad bin Hanbal said, "As the Prophet (ﷺ) was at a higher level than the people, there is no harm
according to the above-mentioned Hadith if the Imam is at a higher level than his followers during the
prayers."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 8, Hadith 29
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Amra bint Abd
ar-Rahman that when A'isha was doing itikaf she would only ask after
sick people if she was walking and not if she was standing still.
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should not carry out
obligations of his, nor leave the mosque for them, nor should he help
anyone. He should only leave the mosque to relieve himself. If he were
able to go out to do things for people, visiting the sick, praying
over the dead and following funeral processions would be the things
with the most claim on his coming out."
Malik said, "A person
doing itikaf is not doing itikaf until he avoids what some one doing
itikaf should avoid, namely, visiting the sick, praying over the dead,
and entering houses, except to relieve himself."
Muwatta Malik Book 19, Hadith 2
One day while the Prophet (ﷺ) was sitting in the company of some people,
(The angel) Gabriel came and asked, "What is faith?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)
replied, 'Faith is to believe in Allah, His angels, (the) meeting with
Him, His Apostles, and to believe in Resurrection." Then he further
asked, "What is Islam?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "To worship Allah
Alone and none else, to offer prayers perfectly to pay the compulsory
charity (Zakat) and to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan."
Then he further asked, "What is Ihsan (perfection)?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)
replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot
achieve this state of devotion then you must consider that He is
looking at you." Then he further asked, "When will the Hour be
established?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "The answerer has no better
knowledge than the questioner. But I will inform you about its
portents.
1. When a slave (lady) gives birth to her master.
2. When the shepherds of black camels start boasting and competing
with others in the construction of higher buildings. And the Hour is
one of five things which nobody knows except Allah.
The Prophet (ﷺ) then recited: "Verily, with Allah (Alone) is the knowledge
of the Hour--." (31. 34) Then that man (Gabriel) left and the Prophet (ﷺ)
asked his companions to call him back, but they could not see him.
Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "That was Gabriel who came to teach the people
their religion." Abu 'Abdullah said: He (the Prophet) considered all
that as a part of faith.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 2, Hadith 43
Who had taken part in the battle of Badr with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and had been amongst his companions
on the night of Al-`Aqaba Pledge: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), surrounded by a group of his companions said,
"Come along and give me the pledge of allegiance that you will not worship anything besides Allah,
will not steal, will not commit illegal sexual intercourse will not kill your children, will not utter;
slander, invented by yourself, and will not disobey me if I order you to do something good. Whoever
among you will respect and fulfill this pledge, will be rewarded by Allah. And if one of you commits
any of these sins and is punished in this world then that will be his expiation for it, and if one of you
commits any of these sins and Allah screens his sin, then his matter, will rest with Allah: If He will,
He will punish him and if He will,. He will excuse him." So I gave the pledge of allegiance to him for
these conditions.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 63, Hadith 117
Malik related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam that a man confessed to
fornication in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, called for a whip, and he was brought a broken whip.
He said, "Above this," and he was brought a new whip whose knots had
not been cut yet. He said, "Below this," and he was brought a whip
which had been used and made flexible. The Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave the order and he was
flogged. Then he said, "People! The time has come for you to observe
the limits of Allah. Whoever has had any of these ugly things befall
him should cover them up with the veil of Allah. Whoever reveals to us
his wrong action, we perform what is in the Book of Allah against
him."
Muwatta Malik Book 41, Hadith 12
I came to `Aisha during the solar eclipse. The people were standing (offering prayer) and she too, was
standing and offering prayer. I asked, "What is wrong with the people?" She pointed towards the sky
with her hand and said, Subhan Allah!'' I asked her, "Is there a sign?" She nodded with her head
meaning, yes. When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) finished (the prayer), he glorified and praised Allah and said,
"There is not anything that I have not seen before but I have seen now at this place of mine, even
Paradise and Hell. It has been revealed to me that you people will be put to trial nearly like the trial of
Ad-Dajjal, in your graves. As for the true believer or a Muslim (the sub-narrator is not sure as to
which of the two (words Asma' had said) he will say, 'Muhammad came with clear signs from Allah,
and we responded to him (accepted his teachings) and believed (what he said)' It will be said (to him)
'Sleep in peace; we have known that you were a true believer who believed with certainty.' As for a
hypocrite or a doubtful person, (the sub-narrator is not sure as to which word Asma' said) he will say,
'I do not know, but I heard the people saying something and so I said the same.' "
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 96, Hadith 18
‘Ali sent some gold-mixed dust to the prophet (May peace be upon him). He divided it among the four : al-Aqra b. Habis al-Hanzall and then al-Mujashi, uyainah b. Badr al-fazari, zaid al-khail al-Ta’l, next to one of Banu nabhan, and ‘Alqamah b. ‘Ulathat al-Amiri (in general), next to one of Banu kulaib. The Quraish and the ansar became angry and said : He is giving to the chiefs of the people of Najd and leaving us. He said : I am giving them for reconciliation of their hearts. Then a man with deep-seated eyes, high cheek-bones, a projecting brow, a thick beard and a shaven head came forward and said: For Allah, Muhammad! He said : Who will obey Allah if I disobey Him? Allah entrusts me with power over the inhabitants of the earth, but you do not. A man asked to be allowed to kill him and I think he was Khalid b. al-Walid but he prevented him. Then when the man turned away, he said: From this one’s stock there will be people who recite the Quran, but it will not pass down their throats. They will sever from Islam and leave the worshippers of Idols alone; but if I live up to their time I shall certainly kill them as 'Ad were killed.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 42, Hadith 169
(the wife of the Prophet) "Whenever Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) intended to go on a journey, he would draw lots
amongst his wives and would take with him the one upon whom the lot fell. During a Ghazwa of his,
he drew lots amongst us and the lot fell upon me, and I proceeded with him after Allah had decreed
the use of the veil by women. I was carried in a Howdah (on the camel) and dismounted while still in
it. When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was through with his Ghazwa and returned home, and we approached the
city of Medina, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered us to proceed at night. When the order of setting off was
given, I walked till I was past the army to answer the call of nature. After finishing I returned (to the
camp) to depart (with the others) and suddenly realized that my necklace over my chest was missing.
So, I returned to look for it and was delayed because of that. The people who used to carry me on the
camel, came to my Howdah and put it on the back of the camel, thinking that I was in it, as, at that
time, women were light in weight, and thin and lean, and did not use to eat much. So, those people did
not feel the difference in the heaviness of the Howdah while lifting it, and they put it over the camel.
At that time I was a young lady. They set the camel moving and proceeded on. I found my necklace
after the army had gone, and came to their camp to find nobody. So, I went to the place where I used
to stay, thinking that they would discover my absence and come back in my search. While in that
state, I felt sleepy and slept.
Safwan bin Mu'attal As-Sulami Adh-Dhakwani was behind the army and reached my abode in the
morning. When he saw a sleeping person, he came to me, and he used to see me before veiling. So, I
got up when I heard him saying, "Inna lil-lah-wa inn a ilaihi rajiun (We are for Allah, and we will
return to Him)." He made his camel knell down. He got down from his camel, and put his leg on the
front legs of the camel and then I rode and sat over it. Safwan set out walking, leading the camel by
the rope till we reached the army who had halted to take rest at midday. Then whoever was meant for
destruction, fell into destruction, (some people accused me falsely) and the leader of the false accusers
was `Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul. After that we returned to Medina, and I became ill for one month
while the people were spreading the forged statements of the false accusers. I was feeling during my
ailment as if I were not receiving the usual kindness from the Prophet (ﷺ) which I used to receive from
him when I got sick. But he would come, greet and say, 'How is that (girl)?' I did not know anything
of what was going on till I recovered from my ailment and went out with Um Mistah to the Manasi
where we used to answer the call of nature, and we used not to go to answer the call of nature except
from night to night and that was before we had lavatories near to our houses. And this habit of ours
was similar to the habit of the old 'Arabs in the open country (or away from houses). So. I and Um
Mistah bint Ruhm went out walking. Um Mistah stumbled because of her long dress and on that she
said, 'Let Mistah be ruined.' I said, 'You are saying a bad word. Why are you abusing a man who took
part in (the battle of) Badr?' She said, 'O Hanata (you there) didn't you hear what they said?' Then she
told me the rumors of the false accusers.
My sickness was aggravated, and when I returned home, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came to me, and after
greeting he said, 'How is that (girl)?' I requested him to allow me to go to my parents. I wanted then to
be sure of the news through them I Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) allowed me, and I went to my parents and asked
my mother, 'What are the people talking about?' She said, 'O my daughter! Don't worry much about
this matter. By Allah, never is there a charming woman loved by her husband who has other wives,
but the women would forge false news about her.' I said, 'Glorified be Allah! Are the people really
taking of this matter?' That night I kept on weeping and could not sleep till morning. In the morning
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) called `Ali bin Abu Talib and Usama bin Zaid when he saw the Divine Inspiration
delayed, to consul them about divorcing his wife (i.e. `Aisha). Usama bin Zaid said what he knew of
the good reputation of his wives and added, 'O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Keep you wife, for, by Allah, we
know nothing about her but good.' `Ali bin Abu Talib said, 'O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Allah has no imposed
restrictions on you, and there are many women other than she, yet you may ask the woman-servant
who will tell you the truth.' On that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) called Barirah and said, 'O Barirah. Did you ever
see anything which roused your suspicions about her?' Barirah said, 'No, by Allah Who has sent you
with the Truth, I have never seen in her anything faulty except that she is a girl of immature age, who
sometimes sleeps and leaves the dough for the goats to eat.' On that day Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ascended the
pulpit and requested that somebody support him in punishing `Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul. Allah's
Apostle said, 'Who will support me to punish that person (`Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul) who has hurt
me by slandering the reputation of my family? By Allah, I know nothing about my family but good,
and they have accused a person about whom I know nothing except good, and he never entered my
house except in my company.'
Sa`d bin Mu`adh got up and said, 'O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! by Allah, I will relieve you from him. If that
man is from the tribe of the Aus, then we will chop his head off, and if he is from our brothers, the
Khazraj, then order us, and we will fulfill your order.' On that Sa`d bin 'Ubada, the chief of the
Khazraj and before this incident, he had been a pious man, got up, motivated by his zeal for his tribe
and said, 'By Allah, you have told a lie; you cannot kill him, and you will never be able to kill him.'
On that Usaid bin Al-Hadir got up and said (to Sa`d bin 'Ubada), 'By Allah! you are a liar. By Allah,
we will kill him; and you are a hypocrite, defending the hypocrites.' On this the two tribes of Aus and
Khazraj got excited and were about to fight each other, while Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was standing on the
pulpit. He got down and quieted them till they became silent and he kept quiet. On that day I kept on
weeping so much so that neither did my tears stop, nor could I sleep.
In the morning my parents were with me and I had wept for two nights and a day, till I thought my
liver would burst from weeping. While they were sitting with me and I was weeping, an Ansari
woman asked my permission to enter, and I allowed her to come in. She sat down and started weeping
with me. While we were in this state, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came and sat down and he had never sat with me
since the day they forged the accusation. No revelation regarding my case came to him for a month.
He recited Tashah-hud (i.e. None has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is His
Apostle) and then said, 'O `Aisha! I have been informed such-and-such about you; if you are innocent,
then Allah will soon reveal your innocence, and if you have committed a sin, then repent to Allah and
ask Him to forgive you, for when a person confesses his sin and asks Allah for forgiveness, Allah
accepts his repentance.' When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) finished his speech my tears ceased completely and
there remained not even a single drop of it. I requested my father to reply to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on my
behalf. My father said, By Allah, I do not know what to say to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ).' I said to my mother,
'Talk to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on my behalf.' She said, 'By Allah, I do not know what to say to Allah's
Apostle.
I was a young girl and did not have much knowledge of the Qur'an. I said. 'I know, by Allah, that you
have listened to what people are saying and that has been planted in your minds and you have taken it
as a truth. Now, if I told you that I am innocent and Allah knows that I am innocent, you would not
believe me and if I confessed to you falsely that I am guilty, and Allah knows that I am innocent you
would believe me. By Allah, I don't compare my situation with you except to the situation of Joseph's
father (i.e. Jacob) who said, 'So (for me) patience is most fitting against that which you assert and it is
Allah (Alone) whose help can be sought.' Then I turned to the other side of my bed hoping that Allah
would prove my innocence. By Allah I never thought that Allah would reveal Divine Inspiration in
my case, as I considered myself too inferior to be talked of in the Holy Qur'an. I had hoped that
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) might have a dream in which Allah would prove my innocence. By Allah, Allah's
Apostle had not got up and nobody had left the house before the Divine Inspiration came to Allah's
Apostle. So, there overtook him the same state which used to overtake him, (when he used to have, on
being inspired divinely). He was sweating so much so that the drops of the sweat were dropping like
pearls though it was a (cold) wintry day. When that state of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was over, he was smiling
and the first word he said, `Aisha! Thank Allah, for Allah has declared your innocence.' My mother
told me to go to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) . I replied, 'By Allah I will not go to him and will not thank but Allah.'
So Allah revealed: "Verily! They who spread the slander are a gang among you . . ." (24.11)
When Allah gave the declaration of my Innocence, Abu Bakr, who used to provide for Mistah bin
Uthatha for he was his relative, said, 'By Allah, I will never provide Mistah with anything because of
what he said about Aisha.' But Allah later revealed: --
"And let not those who are good and wealthy among you swear not to help their kinsmen, those in
need and those who left their homes in Allah's Cause. Let them forgive and overlook. Do you not wish
that Allah should forgive you? Verily! Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful." (24.22) After that Abu
Bakr said, 'Yes ! By Allah! I like that Allah should forgive me,' and resumed helping Mistah whom he
used to help before.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) also asked Zainab bint Jahsh (i.e. the Prophet's wife about me saying, 'What do you
know and what did you see?' She replied, 'O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I refrain to claim hearing or seeing what
I have not heard or seen. By Allah, I know nothing except goodness about Aisha." Aisha further added
"Zainab was competing with me (in her beauty and the Prophet's love), yet Allah protected her (from
being malicious), for she had piety."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 52, Hadith 25
We were at a place which was a thoroughfare for the people, and the caravans used to pass by us and
we would ask them, "What is wrong with the people? What is wrong with the people? Who is that
man?. They would say, "That man claims that Allah has sent him (as an Apostle), that he has been
divinely inspired, that Allah has revealed to him such-and-such." I used to memorize that (Divine)
Talk, and feel as if it was inculcated in my chest (i.e. mind) And the 'Arabs (other than Quraish)
delayed their conversion to Islam till the Conquest (of Mecca). They used to say." "Leave him (i.e.
Muhammad) and his people Quraish: if he overpowers them then he is a true Prophet. So, when
Mecca was conquered, then every tribe rushed to embrace Islam, and my father hurried to embrace
Islam before (the other members of) my tribe. When my father returned (from the Prophet) to his
tribe, he said, "By Allah, I have come to you from the Prophet (ﷺ) for sure!" The Prophet (ﷺ) afterwards said
to them, 'Offer such-and-such prayer at such-and-such time, and when the time for the prayer becomes
due, then one of you should pronounce the Adhan (for the prayer), and let the one amongst you who
knows Qur'an most should, lead the prayer." So they looked for such a person and found none who
knew more Qur'an than I because of the Qur'anic material which I used to learn from the caravans.
They therefore made me their Imam ((to lead the prayer) and at that time I was a boy of six or seven
years, wearing a Burda (i.e. a black square garment) proved to be very short for me (and my body
became partly naked). A lady from the tribe said, "Won't you cover the anus of your reciter for us?"
So they bought (a piece of cloth) and made a shirt for me. I had never been so happy with anything
before as I was with that shirt.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 64, Hadith 335
Fight in the name of Allah and in the way of Allah. Fight against those who disbelieve in Allah. Make a holy war, do not embezzle the spoils; do not break your pledge; and do not mutilate (the dead) bodies; do not kill the children. When you meet your enemies who are polytheists, invite them to three courses of action. If they respond to any one of these, you also accept it and withhold yourself from doing them any harm. Invite them to (accept) Islam; if they respond to you, accept it from them and desist from fighting against them. Then invite them to migrate from their lands to the land of the Muhajireen and inform them that, if they do so, they shall have all the privileges and obligations of the Muhajireen. If they refuse to migrate, tell them that they will have the status of Bedouin Muslims and will be subjected to the Commands of Allah like other Muslims, but they will not get any share from the spoils of war or Fai' except when they actually fight with the Muslims (against the disbelievers). If they refuse to accept Islam, demand from them the Jizya. If they agree to pay, accept it from them and hold off your hands. If they refuse to pay the tax, seek Allah's help and fight them. When you lay siege to a fort and the besieged appeal to you for protection in the name of Allah and His Prophet, do not accord to them the guarantee of Allah and His Prophet, but accord to them your own guarantee and the guarantee of your companions for it is a lesser sin that the security given by you or your companions be disregarded than that the security granted in the name of Allah and His Prophet be violated. When you besiege a fort and the besieged want you to let them out in accordance with Allah's Command, do not let them come out in accordance with His Command, but do so at your (own) command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah's behest with regard to them.
Sahih Muslim Book 32, Hadith 3
"The Messenger of Allah (S.A.W) taught me the Adhan and said: 'Allahu Akbar, Allahu akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar; Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah, Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah; Ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulallah, Ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulallah (Allah is the Greatest,Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest; I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah; I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger Allah,I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger Allah)'. Then he repeated it and said: 'Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah, Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah; Ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulallah, Ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulallah; Hayya 'alas-salah, Hayya 'ala-salah; Hayya 'alal-falah Hayya 'alal-falah; Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar; La ilaha ill-Allah (I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah; I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; Come to prayer, come to prayer; come to prosperity, come to prosperity; Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest; there is none worthy of worship except Allah).'"
Sunan an-Nasa'i Book 7, Hadith 6