An Arab lady was mentioned to the Prophet (ﷺ) so he asked Abu Usaid As-Sa`idi to send for her, and he
sent for her and she came and stayed in the castle of Bani Sa`ida. The Prophet (ﷺ) came out and went to
her and entered upon her. Behold, it was a lady sitting with a drooping head. When the Prophet (ﷺ) spoke
to her, she said, "I seek refuge with Allah from you." He said, "I grant you refuge from me." They said
to her, "Do you know who this is?" She said, "No." They said, "This is Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) who has come
to command your hand in marriage." She said, "I am very unlucky to lose this chance." Then the
Prophet and his companions went towards the shed of Bani Sa`ida and sat there. Then he said, "Give
us water, O Sahl!" So I took out this drinking bowl and gave them water in it. The sub-narrator added:
Sahl took out for us that very drinking bowl and we all drank from it. Later on `Umar bin `Abdul
`Aziz requested Sahl to give it to him as a present, and he gave it to him as a present.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 74, Hadith 63
Malik said, "The generally agreed on way of doing things among us
about whatever is weighed but is not gold or silver, i.e. copper,
brass, lead, black lead, iron, herbs, figs, cotton, and any such
things that are weighed, is that there is no harm in bartering all
those sorts of things two for one, hand to hand. There is no harm in
taking a ritl of iron for two ritls of iron, and a ritl of brass for
two ritls of brass."
Malik said, "There is no good in two for
one of one sort with delayed terms. There is no harm in taking two of
one sort for one of another on delayed terms, if the two sorts are
clearly different. If both sorts resemble each other but their names
are different, like lead and black lead, brass and yellow brass, I
disapprove of taking two of one sort for one of the other on delayed
terms."
Malik said, "When buying something of this nature,
there is no harm in selling It beforetaking possession of it to some
one other than the person from whom it was purchased, if the price is
taken immediately and if it was bought originally by measure or
weight. If it was bought without measuring, it should be sold to
someone other than the person from whom it was bought, for cash or
with delayed terms. That is because goods have to be guaranteed when
they are bought without measuring, and they cannot be guaranteed when
bought by weight until they are weighed and the deal is completed.
This is the best of what I have heard about all these things. It is
what people continue to do among us."
Malik said, "The way of
doing things among us with what is measured or weighed of things which
are not eaten or drunk, like safflower, date-stones, fodder leaves,
indigo dye and the like of that is that there is no harm in bartering
all those sort of things two for one, hand to hand. Do not take two
for one from the same variety with delayed terms. If the types are
clearly different, there is no harm in taking two of one for one of
the other with delayed terms. There is no harm in selling whatever is
purchased of all these sorts, before taking delivery of them if the
price is taken from someone other than the person from whom they were
purchased."
Malik said, "Anything of any variety that profits
people, like gravel and gypsum, one quantity of them for two of its
like with delayed terms is usury. One quantity of both of them for its
equal plus any increase with delayed terms, is usury."
Muwatta Malik Book 31, Hadith 71
(the wife of the Prophet) I never remembered my parents believing in any religion other than the true religion (i.e. Islam), and (I don't remember) a single day passing without our being visited by Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in the morning and in the evening. When the Muslims were put to test (i.e. troubled by the pagans), Abu Bakr set out migrating to the land of Ethiopia, and when he reached Bark-al-Ghimad, Ibn Ad-Daghina, the chief of the tribe of Qara, met him and said, "O Abu Bakr! Where are you going?" Abu Bakr replied, "My people have turned me out (of my country), so I want to wander on the earth and worship my Lord." Ibn Ad-Daghina said, "O Abu Bakr! A man like you should not leave his home-land, nor should he be driven out, because you help the destitute, earn their livings, and you keep good relations with your Kith and kin, help the weak and poor, entertain guests generously, and help the calamity-stricken persons. Therefore I am your protector. Go back and worship your Lord in your town."
So Abu Bakr returned and Ibn Ad-Daghina accompanied him. In the evening Ibn Ad-Daghina visited the nobles of Quraish and said to them. "A man like Abu Bakr should not leave his homeland, nor should he be driven out. Do you (i.e. Quraish) drive out a man who helps the destitute, earns their living, keeps good relations with his Kith and kin, helps the weak and poor, entertains guests generously and helps the calamity-stricken persons?" So the people of Quraish could not refuse Ibn Ad-Daghina's protection, and they said to Ibn Ad-Daghina, "Let Abu Bakr worship his Lord in his house. He can pray and recite there whatever he likes, but he should not hurt us with it, and should not do it publicly, because we are afraid that he may affect our women and children." Ibn Ad-Daghina told Abu Bakr of all that. Abu Bakr stayed in that state, worshipping his Lord in his house. He did not pray publicly, nor did he recite Quran outside his house. Then a thought occurred to Abu Bakr to build a mosque in front of his house, and there he used to pray and recite the Quran. The women and children of the pagans began to gather around him in great number. They used to wonder at him and look at him. Abu Bakr was a man who used to weep too much, and he could not help weeping on reciting the Quran. That situation scared the nobles of the pagans of Quraish, so they sent for Ibn Ad-Daghina. When he came to them, they said, "We accepted your protection of Abu Bakr on condition that he should worship his Lord in his house, but he has violated the conditions and he has built a mosque in front of his house where he prays and recites the Quran publicly. We are now afraid that he may affect our women and children unfavorably. So, prevent him from that. If he likes to confine the worship of his Lord to his house, he may do so, but if he insists on doing that openly, ask him to release you from your obligation to protect him, for we dislike to break our pact with you, but we deny Abu Bakr the right to announce his act publicly." Ibn Ad-Daghina went to Abu- Bakr and said, ("O Abu Bakr!) You know well what contract I have made on your behalf; now, you are either to abide by it, or else release me from my obligation of protecting you, because I do not want the 'Arabs hear that my people have dishonored a contract I have made on behalf of another man." Abu Bakr replied, "I release you from your pact to protect me, and am pleased with the protection from Allah."
At that time the Prophet (ﷺ) was in Mecca, and he said to the Muslims, "In a dream I have been shown your migration place, a land of date palm trees, between two mountains, the two stony tracts." So, some people migrated to Medina, and most of those people who had previously migrated to the land of Ethiopia, returned to Medina. Abu Bakr also prepared to leave for Medina, but Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to him, "Wait for a while, because I hope that I will be allowed to migrate also." Abu Bakr said, "Do you indeed expect this? Let my father be sacrificed for you!" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Yes." So Abu Bakr did not migrate for the sake of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in order to accompany him. He fed two she-camels he possessed with the leaves of As-Samur tree that fell on being struck by a stick for four months.
One day, while we were sitting in Abu Bakr's house at noon, someone said to Abu Bakr, "This is Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) with his head covered coming at a time at which he never used to visit us before." Abu Bakr said, "May my parents be sacrificed for him. By Allah, he has not come at this hour except for a great necessity." So Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came and asked permission to enter, and he was allowed to enter. When he entered, he said to Abu Bakr. "Tell everyone who is present with you to go away." Abu Bakr replied, "There are none but your family. May my father be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "i have been given permission to migrate." Abu Bakr said, "Shall I accompany you? May my father be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Yes." Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! May my father be sacrificed for you, take one of these two she-camels of mine." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "(I will accept it) with payment." So we prepared the baggage quickly and put some journey food in a leather bag for them. Asma, Abu Bakr's daughter, cut a piece from her waist belt and tied the mouth of the leather bag with it, and for that reason she was named Dhat-un-Nitaqain (i.e. the owner of two belts).
Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and Abu Bakr reached a cave on the mountain of Thaur and stayed there for three nights. 'Abdullah bin Abi Bakr who was intelligent and a sagacious youth, used to stay (with them) aver night. He used to leave them before day break so that in the morning he would be with Quraish as if he had spent the night in Mecca. He would keep in mind any plot made against them, and when it became dark he would (go and) inform them of it. 'Amir bin Fuhaira, the freed slave of Abu Bakr, used to bring the milch sheep (of his master, Abu Bakr) to them a little while after nightfall in order to rest the sheep there. So they always had fresh milk at night, the milk of their sheep, and the milk which they warmed by throwing heated stones in it. 'Amir bin Fuhaira would then call the herd away when it was still dark (before daybreak). He did the same in each of those three nights. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and Abu Bakr had hired a man from the tribe of Bani Ad-Dail from the family of Bani Abd bin Adi as an expert guide, and he was in alliance with the family of Al-'As bin Wail As-Sahmi and he was on the religion of the infidels of Quraish. The Prophet (ﷺ) and Abu Bakr trusted him and gave him their two she-camels and took his promise to bring their two she camels to the cave of the mountain of Thaur in the morning after three nights later. And (when they set out), 'Amir bin Fuhaira and the guide went along with them and the guide led them along the sea-shore.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 63, Hadith 130
Malik related to me that he had heard that Uthman ibn Affan was
brought a woman who had given birth after six months and he ordered
her to be stoned. Ali ibn Abi Talib said to him, "She does not deserve
that. Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, says in His Book, 'Their
carrying and weaning is thirty months,' (Sura 46 ayat 15) and he said,
'Mothers suckle their children for two full years for whoever wishes
to complete the suckling.' (Sura 2 ayat 233) Pregnancy can then be six
months, so she does not deserve to be stoned." Uthman ibn Affan sent
for her and found that she had already been stoned.
Malik
related to me that he asked Ibn Shihab about someone who committed
sodomy. Ibn Shihab said, "He is to be stoned, whether or not he is
muhsan."
Muwatta Malik Book 41, Hadith 11