Yahya related to me from Malik that Abu'r-Rijal Muhammad ibn Abd
ar-Rahman heard his mother, Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman say, "A man bought
the fruit of an enclosed orchard in the time of the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he tended it while
staying on the land. It became clear to him that there was going to be
some loss. He asked the owner of the orchard to reduce the price for
him or to revoke the sale, but the owner made an oath not to do so.
The mother of the buyer went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, and told him about it. The Messengerof
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'By this oath,
he has sworn not to do good.' The owner of the orchard heard about it
and went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah, the choice is his.' "
Muwatta Malik Book 31, Hadith 15
Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from his
father that A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, said, "There was an eclipse of the sun in the time of
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, led
the people in prayer. He stood, and did so for a long time. Then he
went into ruku, and made the ruku long. Then he stood again, and did
so for a long time, though not as long as the first time. Then he went
into ruku, and made the ruku long, though not as long as thefirst
time. Then he rose, and went down into sajda. He then did the same in
the second raka, and by the time he had finished the sun had appeared.
He then gave a khutba to the people, in which he praised Allah and
then said, 'The sun and the moon are two of Allah's signs. They do not
eclipse for anyone's death nor for anyone's life. When you see an
eclipse, call on Allah and say, "Allah is greater" and give sadaqa.'
Then he said, 'O community of Muhammad! ByAllah, there is no-one more
jealous than Allah of a male or female slave of his who commits
adultery. O community of Muhammad! By Allah, if you knew what I knew,
you would laugh little and weep much'."
Muwatta Malik Book 12, Hadith 1
The first to speak on Divine decree in al-Basrah was Ma`bad al Juhani. I and Humaid b. `Abd al-Rahman al-Himyari proceeded to perform Hajj or `Umrah. We said : would that we meet any of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) so that we could ask him about what they say with regard to divine decree. So Allah helped us to meet `Abd Allah b. `Umar who was entering the mosque. So I and my companion surrounded him, and I thought that my companion would entrust me the task of speaking to him. Then I said : Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman, there appeared on our side some people who recite the Quran and are engaged in the hair-splitting of knowledge. They conceive that there is no Divine decree and everything happens freely without predestination. He said : When you meet those people, tell them that I am free from them, and they are free from me. By Him by Whom swears ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar, if one of them has gold equivalent to Uhud and he spends it, Allah will not accept it from him until he believes in Divine decree. He then said : ‘Umar b. Khattab transmitted to me a tradition, saying : One day when we were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) a man with very white clothing and very black hair came up to us. No mark of travel was visible on him, and we did not recognize him. Sitting down beside the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), leaning his knees against his and placing his hands on his thighs, he said : tell me, Muhammad, about Islam. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said : Islam means that you should testify that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is Allah’s Apostle, that you should observe prayer, pay Zakat, fast during Ramadan, and perform Hajj to the house (i.e., Ka`bah), If you have the means to go. He said : You have spoken the truth. We were surprised at his questioning him and then declaring that he spoke the truth. He said : Now tell me about faith. He replied : It means that you should believe in Allah, his angels, his Books, his Apostles and the last day, and that you should believe in the decreeing both of good and evil. He said : You have spoken the truth. He said : now tell me about doing good (ihsan). He replied: It means that you should worship Allah as though you are seeing him; if you are not seeing him, he is seeing you. He said: Now tell me about the hour. He replied : The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the one who is asking. He said : Then tell me about its signs. He replied : That a maidservant should beget her mistress, and that you should see barefooted, naked, poor men and shepherds exalting themselves in buildings. ‘Umar said : He then went away, and I waited for three days, then he said : Do you know who the questioner was, `Umar? I replied : Allah and his Apostle know best. He said : He was Gabriel who came to you to teach you your religion.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 42, Hadith 100
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Do you think that the tribes of Juhaina, Muzaina, Aslam and Ghifar are better than
the tribes of Bani Tamim, Bani Asad, Bani `Abdullah bin Ghatafan and Bani Amir bin Sasaa?" A man
said, "They were unsuccessful and losers." The Prophet (ﷺ) added, "(Yes), they are better than the tribes
of Bani Tamim, Bani Asad, Bani `Abdullah bin Ghatafan and Bani Amir bin Sasaa."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 61, Hadith 25