Yahya said that he heard Malik speak about someone who pledged
goods as security for a loan, and they perished with the broker. The
one who took out the loan confirmed its specification. They agreed on
the amount of the loan, but challenged each other about the value of
the pledge, the pledger saying that it had been worth twenty dinars,
whilst the broker said that it had been worth only ten, and that the
amount loaned on security was twenty dinars. Malik said, "It is said
to the one in whose hand the pledge is, 'describe it.' If he describes
it he is made to take an oath on it and then the people of experience
evaluate that description. If the value is more than what was loaned
on security for it, it is said to the broker, 'Return the rest of his
due to the pledger.' If the value is less than what was loaned on
security for it, the broker takes the rest of his due from the
pledger. If the value is the exact amount of the loan, the pledge is
compensated for by the loan."
Yahya said that he heard Malik
say, "What is done in our community about two men who have a dispute
about an amount of money loaned on the security of a pledge - the
pledger claiming that he pledged it for ten dinars and the broker
insisting that he took the pledge as security for twenty dinars, and
the pledge is clearly in the possession of the broker - is that the
broker is made to take an oath when the value of the pledge is fully
known. If the value of the pledge is exactly what he swore that he had
loaned on security for it, the broker takes the pledge as his right.
He is more entitled to take precedence with an oath since he has
possession of the pledge. If the owner of the pledge wants to give him
the amount which he swore that he was owed, he can take the pledge
back. If the pledge is worth less than the twenty dinars he loaned,
then it is said to the pledger, 'Either you give him what he has sworn
to and take your pledge back, or you swear to what you said you
pledged it for.' If the pledger takes the oath, then what the broker
has increased over the value of the pledge will become invalid. If the
pledger does not take an oath, he must pay what the broker swore to."
Malik said, "If a pledge given on security for a loan
perishes, and both parties deny each other's rights, with the broker
who is owed the loan saying that he gave twenty dinars, and the
pledger who owes the loan saying that he was given only ten, and with
the broker who is owed the loan saying the pledge was worth ten
dinars, and the broker who owes the loan saying it was worth twenty,
then the broker who is owed the loan is asked to describe the pledge.
If he describes it, he must take an oath on its description. Then
people with experience of it evaluate that description. If the value
of the pledge is estimated to be more than what the broker claims it
was, he takes an oath as to what he claimed, and the pledger is given
what is over from the value of the pledge. If its value is less than
what the broker claims of it, he is made to take an oath as to what he
claims is his. Then he demands settlement according to the actual
value of the pledge. The one who owes the loan is then made to take an
oath on the extra amount which remains owing against him to the
claimant after the price of the pledge is reached. That is because the
broker becomes a claimant against the pledger. If he takes an oath,
the rest of what the broker swore to of what he claimed above the
value of the pledge is invalidated. If he draws back, he is bound to
pay what remains due to the broker after the value of the pledge."
Muwatta Malik Book 36, Hadith 21
“We were with the Messenger of
Allah (ﷺ) between Makkah and Al-Madinah, and we passed through a
valley. He said: ‘What valley is this?’ They said: ‘Azraq
Valley.’ He
said: ‘It is as if I can see Musa (as) – and he
mentioned something
about the length of his hair, which Dawud (one of
the narrators) did
not remember – ‘putting his fingers in his
ears and raising his voice
to Allah reciting the Talbiyah, passing
through this valley.’ Then we
traveled on until we came to a narrow
pass, and he said: ‘What pass is
this?’ They said: ‘Thaniyyat
Harsha’ or ‘Laft.’ He said: ‘It is as if
I can see Yunus, on
a red she-camel, wearing a woollen cloak and
holding the reins of his
she-camel, woven from palm fibres, passing
through this valley,
reciting the Talbiyah.’”
Sunan Ibn Majah Book 25, Hadith 10
We were in the company of Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari and there were friendly relations between us and
this tribe of Jarm. Abu Musa was presented with a dish containing chicken. Among the people there
was sitting a red-faced man who did not come near the food. Abu Musa said (to him), "Come on (and
eat), for I have seen Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) eating of it (i.e. chicken)." He said, "I have seen it eating
something (dirty) and since then I have disliked it, and have taken an oath that I shall not eat it ' Abu
Musa said, "Come on, I will tell you (or narrate to you). Once I went to Allah s Apostle with a group
of Al-Ash`ariyin, and met him while he was angry, distributing some camels of rak`at. We asked for
mounts but he took an oath that he would not give us any mounts, and added, 'I have nothing to mount
you on' In the meantime some camels of booty were brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he asked twice,
'Where are Al-Ash`ariyin?" So he gave us five white camels with big humps. We stayed for a short
while (after we had covered a little distance), and then I said to my companions, "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) has
forgotten his oath. By Allah, if we do not remind Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) of his oath, we will never be
successful." So we returned to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! We asked you for mounts,
but you took an oath that you would not give us any mounts; we think that you have forgotten your
oath.' He said, 'It is Allah Who has given you mounts. By Allah, and Allah willing, if I take an oath
and later find something else better than that. then I do what is better and expiate my oath.' "
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 72, Hadith 44
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "I know the person who will be the last to come out of the (Hell) Fire, and the last to
enter Paradise. He will be a man who will come out of the (Hell) Fire crawling, and Allah will say to
him, 'Go and enter Paradise.' He will go to it, but he will imagine that it had been filled, and then he
will return and say, 'O Lord, I have found it full.' Allah will say, 'Go and enter Paradise, and you will
have what equals the world and ten times as much (or, you will have as much as ten times the like of
the world).' On that, the man will say, 'Do you mock at me (or laugh at me) though You are the
King?" I saw Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (while saying that) smiling that his premolar teeth became visible. It is
said that will be the lowest in degree amongst the people of Paradise.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 81, Hadith 159
During the last Hajj (Hajj-al-Wada`) of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) he performed `Umra and Hajj. He drove a
Hadi along with him from Dhul-Hulaifa. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) started by assuming Ihram for `Umra and
Hajj. And the people, too, performed the `Umra and Hajj along with the Prophet. Some of them
brought the Hadi and drove it along with them, while the others did not. So, when the Prophet (ﷺ) arrived
at Mecca. he said to the people, "Whoever among you has driven the Hadi, should not finish his Ihram
till he completes his Hajj. And whoever among you has not (driven) the Hadi with him, should
perform Tawaf of the Ka`ba and the Tawaf between Safa and Marwa, then cut short his hair and finish
his Ihram, and should later assume Ihram for Hajj; but he must offer a Hadi (sacrifice); and if anyone
cannot afford a Hadi, he should fast for three days during the Hajj and seven days when he returns
home. The Prophet (ﷺ) performed Tawaf of the Ka`ba on his arrival (at Mecca); he touched the (Black
Stone) corner first of all and then did Ramal (fast walking with moving of the shoulders) during the
first three rounds round the Ka`ba, and during the last four rounds he walked. After finishing Tawaf of
the Ka`ba, he offered a two rak`at prayer at Maqam Ibrahim, and after finishing the prayer he went to
Safa and Marwa and performed seven rounds of Tawaf between them and did not do any deed
forbidden because of Ihram, till he finished all the ceremonies of his Hajj and sacrificed his Hadi on
the day of Nahr (10th day of Dhul-Hijja). He then hastened onwards (to Mecca) and performed Tawaf
of the Ka`ba and then everything that was forbidden because of Ihram became permissible. Those who
took and drove the Hadi with them did the same as Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) did.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 25, Hadith 170
"An Army from the armies of the Muslims, whose commander was Salman Al-Farisi, besieged one of the Persian castles. They said: 'O Abu 'Abdullah! Should we charge them?' He said: 'Leave me to call them (to Islam) as I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) call them.' So Salman went to them and said: 'I am only a man from among you, a Persian, and you see that the Arabs obey me. If you become Muslims then you will have the likes of what we have, and from you will be required that which is required from us. If you refuse, and keep your religion, then we will leave you to it, and you will give us the Jizyah from your hands while you are submissive.' He said to them in Persian: 'And you are other than praiseworthy and if you refuse then we will equally resist you.' They said: 'We will not give you the Jizyah, we will fight you instead.' So they said: 'O Abu 'Abdullah! Should we charge them?' He said: 'No.'" He said: "So for three days he called them to the same (things), and then he said: 'Charge them.'" He said: "So we charged them, and we conquered the castle."
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Book 21, Hadith 1
I was in the Sikkat al-Mirbad. A bier passed and a large number of people were accompanying it.
They said: Bier of Abdullah ibn Umayr. So I followed it. Suddenly I saw a man, who had a thin garment on riding his small mule. He had a piece of cloth on his head to protect himself from the sun. I asked: Who is this important man? People said: This is Anas ibn Malik.
When the bier was placed, Anas stood and led the funeral prayer over him while I was just behind him, and there was no obstruction between me and him. He stood near his head, and uttered four takbirs (Allah is Most Great). He neither lengthened the prayer nor hurried it. He then went to sit down. They said: AbuHamzah, (here is the bier of) an Ansari woman. They brought her near him and there was a green cupola-shaped structure over her bier. He stood opposite her hips and led the funeral prayer over her as he had led it over the man. He then sat down.
Al-Ala' ibn Ziyad asked: AbuHamzah, did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say the funeral prayer over the dead as you have done, uttering four takbirs (Allah is Most Great) over her, and standing opposite the head of a man and the hips of a woman?
He replied: Yes. He asked: AbuHamzah, did you fight with the Messenger of Allah? He replied: Yes. I fought with him in the battle of Hunayn. The polytheists came out and invaded us so severely that we saw our horses behind our backs. Among the people (i.e. the unbelievers) there was a man who was attacking us, and striking and wounding us (with his sword). Allah then defeated them. They were then brought and began to take the oath of allegiance to him for Islam.
A man from among the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) said: I make a vow to myself that if Allah brings the man who was striking us (with his sword) that day, I shall behead him. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) kept silent and the man was brought (as a captive).
When he saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), he said: Messenger of Allah, I have repented to Allah. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stopped (for a while) receiving his oath of allegiance, so that the other man might fulfil his vow. But the man began to wait for the order of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) for his murder. He was afraid of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to kill him. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saw that he did not do anything, he received his oath of allegiance. The man said: Messenger of Allah, what about my vow? He said: I stopped (receiving his oath of allegiance) today so that you might fulfil your vow. He said: Messenger of Allah, why did you not give any signal to me? The Prophet (ﷺ) said: It is not worthy of a Prophet to give a signal.
AbuGhalib said: I asked (the people) about Anas standing opposite the hips of a woman. They told me that this practice was due to the fact that (in the days of the Prophet) there were no cupola-shaped structures over the biers of women. So the imam used to stand opposite the hips of a woman to hide her from the people.
Abu Dawud said: The saying of the Prophet (ﷺ) "I have been commanded to fight against the people until they say: There is no god bu Allah" abrogated this tradition of fulfilling the vow by his remark: "I have repented".
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 21, Hadith 106