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Hadith 35173
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Abu Bakr ibn
Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham that the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whenever a man sells
wares and then the buyer becomes bankrupt and the seller has not taken
any of the price and he finds some of his property intact with the
buyer, he is more entitled to it than anyone else. If the buyer dies,
then the seller is the same as other creditors with respect to it."
Muwatta Malik Book 31, Hadith 88
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Malik said there was no harm if a man who sold some drapery and
excluded some garments by their markings, stipulated that he chose the
marked ones from that. If he did not stipulate that he would choose
from them when he made the exclusion, I think that he is partner in
the number of drapery goods which were purchased from him. That is
because two garments can be alike in marking and be greatly different
in price.
Malik said, "The way of doing things among us is
that there is no harm in partnership, transferring responsibility to
an agent, and revocation when dealing with food and other things,
whether or not possession was taken, when the transaction is with
cash, and there is no profit, loss, or deferment of price in it. If
profit or loss or deferment of price from one of the two enters any of
these transactions, it becomes sale which is made halal by what makes
sale halal, and made haram by what makes sale haram, and it is not
partnership, transferring responsibility to an agent, or revocation."
Malik spoke about some one who bought drapery goods or
slaves, and the sale was concluded, then a man asked him to be his
partner and he agreed and the new partner paid the whole price to the
seller and then something happened to the goods which removed them
from their possession. Malik said, "The new partner takes the price
from the original partner and the original partner demands from the
seller the whole price unless the original partner stipulated on the
new partner during the sale and before the transaction with the seller
was completed that the seller was responsible to him. If the
transaction has ended and the seller has gone, the pre-condition of
the original partner is void, and he has the responsibility."
Malik spoke about a man who asked another man to buy certain goods to
share between them, and he wanted the other man to pay for him and he
would sell the goods for the other man. Malik said, "That is not good.
When he says, 'Pay for me and I will sell it for you,' it becomes a
loan which he makes to him in order that he sell it for him and if
those goods are destroyed, or pass, the man who paid the price will
demand from his partner what he put in for him. This is part of the
advance which brings in profit."
Malik said, "If a man buys
goods, and they are settled for him, and then a man says to him,
'Share half of these goods with me, and I will sell them all for you,'
that is halal, there is no harm in it. The explanation of that is that
this is a new sale and he sells him half of the goods provided that he
sells the whole lot." Muwatta Malik Book 31, Hadith 87
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Malik related to me from Yahya ibn Said from Abu Bakr ibn
Muhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazm from Umar ibn Abdal-Aziz from Abu Bakr ibn
Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham from Abu Hurayra that the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If
anyone goes bankrupt, and a man finds his own property intact with
him, he is more entitled to it than anyone else."
Malik spoke
about a man who sold a man wares, and the buyer went bankrupt. He
said, "The seller takes whatever of his goods he finds. If the buyer
has sold some of them and distributed them, the seller of the wares is
more entitled to them than the creditors. What the buyer has
distributed does not prevent the seller from taking whatever of it he
finds. It is the seller's right if he has received any of the price
from the buyer and he wants to return it to take what he finds of his
wares, and in what he does not find, he is like the creditors."
Malik spoke about some one who bought spun wool or a plot of land,
and then did some work on it, like building a house on the plot of
land or weaving the spun wool into cloth. Then he went bankrupt after
he had bought it, and the original owner of the plot said, "I will
take the plot and whatever structure is on it." Malik said, "That
structure is not his. However, the plot and what is in it that the
buyer has improved is appraised. Then one sees what the price of the
plot is and how much of that value is the price of the structure. They
are partners in that. The owner of the plot has as much as his
portion, and the creditors have the amount of the portion of the
structure."
Malik said, "The explanation of that is that the
value of it all is fifteen hundred dirhams. The value of the plot is
five hundred dirhams, and the value of the building is one thousand
dirhams. The owner of the plot has a third, and the creditors have
two-thirds."
Malik said, "It is like that with spinning and
other things of the same nature in these circumstances and the buyer
has a debt which he cannot pay. This is the behaviour in such cases."
Malik said, "As for goods which have been sold and which the
buyer does not improve, but those goods sell well and have gone up in
price, so their owner wants them and the creditors also want to seize
them, then the creditors choose between giving the owner of the goods
the price for which he sold them and not giving him any loss and
surrendering his goods to him.
"If the price of the goods has
gone down, the one who sold them has a choice. If he likes, he can
take his goods and he has no claim to any of his debtor's property,
and that is his right. If he likes, he can be one of the creditors and
take a portion of his due and not take his goods. That is up to him."
Malik said about someone who bought a slave-girl or animal
and she gave birth in his possession and the buyer went bankrupt, "The
slave-girl or the animal and the offspring belong to the seller unless
the creditors desire it. In that case they give him his complete due
and they take it." Muwatta Malik Book 31, Hadith 89