86 Malik related to me from Musa ibn Maysara that he heard a man
ask Said ibn al-Musayyab, "I am a man who sells for a debt." Said
said, "Do not sell except for what you take to your camel."
Malik spoke about a person who bought goods from a man provided that
he provide him with those goods by a specific date, either in time for
a market in which he hoped for their saleability, or to fulfil a need
at the time he stipulated. Then the seller failed him about the date,
and the buyer wanted to return those goods to the seller. Malik said,
"The buyer cannot do that, and the sale is binding on him. If the
seller does bring the goods before the completion of the term, the
buyer cannot be forced to take them."
Malik spoke about a
person who bought food and measured it. Then some one came to him to
buy it and he told him that he had measured it for himself and taken
it in full. The new buyer wanted to trust him and accept his measure.
Malik said, "Whatever is sold in this way for cash has no harm in it
but whatever is sold in this way on delayed terms is disapproved of
until the new buyer measures it out for himself. The sale with delayed
terms is disapproved of because it leads to usury and it is feared
that it will be circulated in this way without weight or measure. If
the terms are delayed it is disapproved of and there is no
disagreement about that with us."
Malik said, "One should not
buy a debt owed by a man whether present or absent, without the
confirmation of the one who owes the debt, nor should one buy a debt
owed to a man by a dead person even if one knows what the deceased man
has left. That is because to buy that is an uncertain transaction and
one does not know whether the transaction will be completed or not
completed."
He said, "The explanation of what is disapproved
of in buying a debt owed by someone absent or dead, is that it is not
known what unknown debtor may be connected to the dead person. If the
dead person is liable for another debt, the price which the buyer gave
on strength of the debt may become worthless."
Malik said,
"There is another fault in that as well. He is buying something which
is not guaranteed for him, and so if the deal is not completed, what
he paid becomes worthless. This is an uncertain transaction and it is
not good."
Malik said, "One distinguishes between a man who
is only selling what he actually has and a man who is being paid in
advance for something which is not yet in his possession. The man
advancing the money brings his gold which he intends to buy with. The
seller says, 'This is 10 dinars. What do you want me to buy for you
with it?' It is as if he sold 10 dinars cash for 15 dinars to be paid
later. Because of this, it is disapproved of. It is something leading
to usury and fraud."
Muwatta Malik Book 31, Hadith 86
Ya'ish ibn Tikhfat al-Ghifari said: My father was one of the people in the Suffah.
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Come with us to the house of Aisha. So we went and he said: Give us food, Aisha. She brought hashishah and we ate. He then said: Give us food, Aisha. She then brought haysah as small in quantity as a pigeon and we ate. He then said: Give us something to drink, Aisha. So she brought a bowl of milk, and we drank. Again he said: Give us something to drink, Aisha. She then brought a small cup and we drank. He then said: If you wish, you may spend the night (here), or if you wish, you may go to the mosque.
He said: While I was lying on my stomach because of pain in the lung, a man began to shake me with his foot and then said: This is a method of lying which Allah hates. I looked and saw that he was the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 43, Hadith 268
“I was a young unmarried man at
the
time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and I used to stay overnight
in
the mosque. If any of us had seen a dream, he would tell it to the
Prophet (ﷺ). I said: ‘O Allah, if there is any good in me before
You, show me a dream that the Prophet (ﷺ) can interpret for me.’
So
I went to sleep and I saw two angels who came to me and took me
away.
They were met by another angel who said: ‘Do not be alarmed,’
and they
took me to Hell which was built like a well. In it were
people, some
of whom I recognized. Then they took me off to the
right. In the
morning I mentioned that to Hafsah, and Hafsah said
that she told the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about it, and he said:
‘Abdullah is a
righteous man, if only he would pray more at
night.’”
Sunan Ibn Majah Book 35, Hadith 27
When the Holy Verse: 'By no means shall you attain Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, it means here Allah's Reward i.e., Paradise), unless you spend of that which you love..', (V 3:92) was revealed, Abu Talha went to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger ! Allah, the Blessed, the Superior stated in His book: 'By no means shall you attain Birr, unless you spend of that which you love....' (V 3:92) and the most beloved property to me is Bairuha' (which was a garden where Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to go to sit in its shade and drink from its water). I gave it to the Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ) hoping for Allah's Reward in the Hereafter. So, Ao Allah's Messenger ! Use it as Allah orders you to use it." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Bravo! O Abu Talha, it is fruitful property. We have accepted it from you and now we return it to you. Distribute it amongst you relatives." So, Abu Talha distributed it amongst his relatives, amongst whom were Ubai and Hassan. When Hassan sold his share of that garden to Mu'awiyya, he was asked, "How do you see Abu Talha's Sadaqa?" He replied, "Who should not I sell a Sa' of date for Sa' of money ?" The garden was situated on the courtyard of the palace of Bani Jadila built by Mu'awiya.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 55, Hadith 21
Allah's Messenger, I saw while I was sleeping during the night (this vision) that there was a canopy from which butter and honey were trickling and I also saw people collecting them in the palms of their hands, some more, some less, and I also saw a rope connecting the earth with the sky and I saw you catching hold of it and rising towards the heaven; then another person after you catching hold of it and rising towards (Heaven); then another person catching hold of it, but it was broken while it was rejoined for him and he also climbed up. Abu Bakr said: Allah's Messenger, may my father be sacrificed for you, by Allah, allow me to interpret it. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: Well, give its interpretation. Thereupon Abu Bakr said: The canopy signifies the canopy of Islam and that what trickles out of it in the form of butter and honey is the Holy Qur'an and its sweetness and softness and what the people get hold of it in their palms implies major portion of the Qur'an or the small portion; and so far as the rope joining the sky with the earth is concerned, it is the Truth by which you stood (in the worldly life) and by which Allah would raise you (to Heaven). Then the person after you would take hold of it and he would also climb up with the help of it. Then another person would take hold of it and climb up with the help of it. Then another person would take hold of it and it would be broken; then it would be rejoined for him and he would climb up with the help of it. Allah's Messenger, may my father be taken as a ransom for you, tell me whether I have interpreted it correctly or I have made an error. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: You have interpreted a part of it correctly and you have erred in interpreting a part of it. Thereupon he said: Allah's Messenger, by Allah, tell me that part where I have committed an error. Thereupon he said: Don't take an oath.
Sahih Muslim Book 42, Hadith 32
Malik related to me from Nuaym ibn Abdullah ibn al-Mujmir from
AIi ibn Yahya az-Zuraqi from his father that Rifaa ibn Rafi said, "One
day we were praying behind the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, raised his head from ruku and said, 'Allah hears
the one who praises Him' (Sami Allahu liman hamidah). A man behind him
said, 'Our Lord, praise belongs to you - blessed, pure and abundant
praise' (Rabbana wa laka'l hamd, hamdan kathiran tayiban mubarakan fihi). When
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had
finished, he said, 'Who was it who spoke just now?' The man said, 'I
did, Messenger of Allah,' and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, said, 'I saw more than thirty angels rushing
to it to see which one of them would record it first.' "
Muwatta Malik Book 15, Hadith 27
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Who is willing to kill Ka`b bin Al-Ashraf who has hurt Allah and His Apostle?"
Thereupon Muhammad bin Maslama got up saying, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Would you like that I kill
him?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Yes," Muhammad bin Maslama said, "Then allow me to say a (false) thing
(i.e. to deceive Ka`b). "The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You may say it." Then Muhammad bin Maslama went to
Ka`b and said, "That man (i.e. Muhammad demands Sadaqa (i.e. Zakat) from us, and he has troubled
us, and I have come to borrow something from you." On that, Ka`b said, "By Allah, you will get tired
of him!" Muhammad bin Maslama said, "Now as we have followed him, we do not want to leave him
unless and until we see how his end is going to be. Now we want you to lend us a camel load or two
of food." (Some difference between narrators about a camel load or two.) Ka`b said, "Yes, (I will lend
you), but you should mortgage something to me."
Muhammad bin Mas-lama and his companion said, "What do you want?" Ka`b replied, "Mortgage
your women to me." They said, "How can we mortgage our women to you and you are the most
handsome of the 'Arabs?" Ka`b said, "Then mortgage your sons to me." They said, "How can we
mortgage our sons to you? Later they would be abused by the people's saying that so-and-so has been
mortgaged for a camel load of food. That would cause us great disgrace, but we will mortgage our
arms to you." Muhammad bin Maslama and his companion promised Ka`b that Muhammad would
return to him. He came to Ka`b at night along with Ka`b's foster brother, Abu Na'ila. Ka`b invited
them to come into his fort, and then he went down to them. His wife asked him, "Where are you going
at this time?" Ka`b replied, "None but Muhammad bin Maslama and my (foster) brother Abu Na'ila
have come."
His wife said, "I hear a voice as if dropping blood is from him, Ka`b said. "They are none but my
brother Muhammad bin Maslama and my foster brother Abu Naila. A generous man should respond to
a call at night even if invited to be killed." Muhammad bin Maslama went with two men. (Some
narrators mention the men as 'Abu bin Jabr. Al Harith bin Aus and `Abbad bin Bishr). So
Muhammad bin Maslama went in together with two men, and sail to them, "When Ka`b comes, I will
touch his hair and smell it, and when you see that I have got hold of his head, strip him. I will let you
smell his head." Ka`b bin Al-Ashraf came down to them wrapped in his clothes, and diffusing
perfume. Muhammad bin Maslama said. " have never smelt a better scent than this. Ka`b replied. "I
have got the best 'Arab women who know how to use the high class of perfume." Muhammad bin
Maslama requested Ka`b "Will you allow me to smell your head?" Ka`b said, "Yes." Muhammad
smelt it and made his companions smell it as well. Then he requested Ka`b again, "Will you let me
(smell your head)?" Ka`b said, "Yes." When Muhammad got a strong hold of him, he said (to his
companions), "Get at him!" So they killed him and went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and informed him. (Abu Rafi`)
was killed after Ka`b bin Al-Ashraf."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 64, Hadith 84
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, " Let the slave of Dinar and
Dirham, of Quantify and Khamisa perish as he is pleased if these
things are given to him, and if not, he is displeased. Let such a
person perish and relapse, and if he is pierced with a thorn, let him
not find anyone to take it out for him. Paradise is for him who holds
the reins of his horse to strive in Allah's Cause, with his hair
unkempt and feet covered with dust: if he is appointed in the
vanguard, he is perfectly satisfied with his post of guarding, and if
he is appointed in the rearward, he accepts his post with
satisfaction; (he is so simple and unambiguous that) if he asks for
permission he is not permitted, and if he intercedes, his intercession
is not accepted."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 56, Hadith 102
When the Prophet (ﷺ) alighted at Marr az-Zahran, al-Abbas said: I thought, I swear by Allah, if the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) enters Mecca with the army by force before the Quraysh come to him and seek protection from him, it will be their total ruin. So I rode on the mule of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and thought, Perhaps I may find a man coming for his needs who will to the people of Mecca and inform them of the position of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), so that they may come to him and seek protection from him. While I was on my way, I heard AbuSufyan and Budayl ibn Warqa' speaking.
I said: O AbuHanzalah! He recognized my voice and said: AbulFadl? I replied: Yes. He said: who is with you, may my parents be a sacrifice for you? I said: Here are the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and his people (with him).
He asked: Which is the way out? He said: He rode behind me, and his companion returned. When the morning came, I brought him to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he embraced Islam.
I said: Messenger of Allah, AbuSufyan is a man who likes this pride, do something for him. He said: Yes, he who enters the house of AbuSufyan is safe; he who closes the door upon him is safe; and he who enters the mosque is safe. The people scattered to their houses and in the mosque.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 20, Hadith 95
the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “When one of you leaves his bed then returns to it, then let him brush it off with the edge of his Izar three times, for indeed, he does not know what succeeded him upon it after him. When he lies down, let him say: ‘In Your Name, my Lord, I lay my side down, and in Your Name I raise it. And if You take my soul, then have mercy upon it, and if You release it, then protect it with that which You protect Your righteous worshipers (Bismika rabbī waḍa`tu janbī wa bika arfa`uhu, fa’in amsakta nafsī farḥamhā wa in arsaltahā faḥfaẓhā bimā taḥfaẓu bihī `ibādakaṣ-ṣāliḥīn)’ And when he awakens, let him say: All praise is due to Allah, Who healed me in my body, and returned to me my soul, and permitted me to remember Him (Al-ḥamdulillāh alladhī `āfānī fī jasadī wa radda `alayya rūḥī wa adhina lī bidhikrih).’”
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Book 48, Hadith 32
Malik said, "The generally agreed upon way of doing things among
us is that maternal half-siblings do not inherit anything when there
are children or grandchildren through sons, male or female. They do
not inherit anything when there is a father or the father's father.
They inherit in what is outside of that. If there is only one male or
female, they are given a sixth. If there are two, each of them has a
sixth. If there are more than that, they share in a third which is
divided among them. The male does not have portion of two females.
That is because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, says in His Book, 'If
a man or woman has no direct heir, and he has a brother or sister, by
the mother, each of them has a sixth. If there are more than two, they
share equally in a third.' " (Sura 4 ayat 12).
Muwatta Malik Book 27, Hadith 4
When Abu Dhar received the news of the Advent of the Prophet (ﷺ) he said to his brother, "Ride to this
valley (of Mecca) and try to find out the truth of the person who claims to be a prophet who is
informed of the news of Heaven. Listen to what he says and come back to me." So his brother set out
and came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and listened to some of his talks, and returned to Abu Dhar and said to him.
"I have seen him enjoining virtuous behavior and saying something that is not poetry." Abu Dhar said,
"You have not satisfied me as to what I wanted." He then took his journey-food and carried a waterskin
of his, containing some water till be reached Mecca. He went to the Mosque and searched for the
Prophet and though he did not know him, he hated to ask anybody about him. When a part of the night
had passed away, `Ali saw him and knew that he was a stranger.
So when Abu Dhar saw `Ali, he followed him, and none of them asked his companion about anything,
and when it was dawn, Abu Dhar took his journey food and his water-skin to the Mosque and stayed
there all the day long without being perceived by the Prophet, and when it was evening, he came back
to his retiring place. `Ali passed by him and said, "Has the man not known his dwelling place yet?" So
`Ali awakened him and took him with him and none of them spoke to the other about anything. When
it was the third day. `Ali did the same and Abu Dhar stayed with him. Then `Ali said "Will you tell me
what has brought you here?" Abu Dhar said, "If you give me a firm promise that you will guide me,
then I will tell you." `Ali promised him, and he informed `Ali about the matter.
`Ali said, "It is true, and he is the Messenger of Allah. Next morning when you get up, accompany me,
and if I see any danger for you, I will stop as if to pass water, but if I go on, follow me and enter the
place which I will enter." Abu Dhar did so, and followed `Ali till he entered the place of the Prophet,
and Abu Dhar went in with him, Abu Dhar listened to some of the Prophet's talks and embraced Islam
on the spot. The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, "Go back to your people and inform them (about it) till you
receive my order." Abu Dhar said, "By Him in Whose Hand my life is, I will proclaim my conversion
loudly amongst them (i.e. the pagans)." So he went out, and when he reached the Mosque, he said as
loudly as possible, "I bear witness that None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." The People got up and beat him painfully.
Then Al-Abbas came and knelt over him ((to protect him) and said (to the people), "Woe to you!
Don't you know that this man belongs to the tribe of Ghifar and your trade to Sha'm is through their
way?" So he rescued him from them. Abu Dhar again did the same the next day. They beat him and
took vengeance on him and again Al-Abbas knelt over him (to protect him).
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 63, Hadith 86
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "If somebody is ordered (by the ruler or the judge) to take an oath, and he takes a
false oath in order to grab the property of a Muslim, then he will incur Allah's Wrath when he will
meet Him." And Allah revealed in its confirmation: 'Verily! Those who purchase a small gain at the
cost of Allah's covenants and their own oaths.' (3.77) (The sub-narrator added:) Al-Ash'ath bin Qais
entered, saying, "What did Abu `Abdur-Rahman narrate to you?" They said, "So-and-so," Al-Ash'ath
said, "This verse was revealed in my connection. I had a well on the land of my cousin (and we had a
dispute about it). I reported him to Allah 's Apostle who said (to me). "You should give evidence (i.e.
witness) otherwise the oath of your opponent will render your claim invalid." I said, "Then he (my
opponent) will take the oath, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Whoever is ordered (by the
ruler or the judge) to give an oath, and he takes a false oath in order to grab the property of a Muslim,
then he will incur Allah's Wrath when he meets Him on the Day of Resurrection."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 83, Hadith 54
Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that Jabir ibn
Abdullah al-Ansari said, "We went out with the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the raid on the Banu Ammar
tribe." Jabir said, "I was resting under a tree when the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came. I said,
'Messenger of Allah; come to the shade.' So the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sat down, and I stood up and
went to a sack of ours. I looked in it for something and found a small
cucumber and broke it. Then I brought it to the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He said, 'From where did you
get this?' I said, 'We brought it from Madina, Messenger of Allah.' "
Jabir continued, "We had a friend of ours with us whom we
used to equip to go out to guard our mounts. I gave him what was
necessary and then he turned about to go to the mounts and he was
wearing two threadbare cloaks of his. The Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, looked at him and said, 'Does he
have two garments other than these?' I said, 'Yes, Messenger of Allah.
He has two garments in the bag.' I gave them to him. He said, 'Let him
go and put them on.' I let him go to put them on. As he turned to go,
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
exclaimed, 'May Allah strike his neck. Isn't that better for him?' He
said (taking him literally), 'Messenger of Allah, in the way of
Allah.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, said, 'In the way of Allah.' " Jabir added, "The man was killed
in the way of Allah."
Muwatta Malik Book 48, Hadith 1