The people passed by the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) with a Jew who was blackened with charcoal and who was being flogged.
He called them and said: Is this the prescribed punishment for a fornicator?
They said: Yes. He then called on a learned man among them and asked him: I adjure you by Allah Who revealed the Torah to Moses, do you find this prescribed punishment for a fornicator in your divine Book?
He said: By Allah, no. If you had not adjured me about this, I should not have informed you. We find stoning to be prescribed punishment for a fornicator in our Divine Book. But it (fornication) became frequent in our people of rank; so when we seized a person of rank, we left him alone, and when we seized a weak person, we inflicted the prescribed punishment on him. So we said: Come, let us agree on something which may be enforced equally on people of higher and lower rank. So we agreed to blacken the face of a criminal with charcoal, and flog him, and we abandoned stoning.
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then said: O Allah, I am the first to give life to Thy command which they have killed. So he commanded regarding him (the Jew) and he was stoned to death.
Allah Most High then sent down: "O Apostle, let not those who race one another into unbelief, make thee grieve..." up to "They say: If you are given this, take it, but if not, beware!...." up to "And if any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) unbelievers," about Jews, up to "And if any do fail to judge by (the right of) what Allah hath revealed, they are no better than) wrong-doers" about Jews: and revealed the verses up to "And if any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) those who rebel." About this he said: This whole verse was revealed about the infidels.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 40, Hadith 98
The people of Quraish worried about the lady from Bani Makhzum who had committed theft. They
asked, "Who will intercede for her with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)?" Some said, "No one dare to do so except
Usama bin Zaid the beloved one to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ." When Usama spoke about that to Allah's
Apostle Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, (to him), "Do you try to intercede for somebody in a case connected
with Allah's Prescribed Punishments?" Then he got up and delivered a sermon saying, "What
destroyed the nations preceding you, was that if a noble amongst them stole, they would forgive him,
and if a poor person amongst them stole, they would inflict Allah's Legal punishment on him. By
Allah, if Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad stole, I would cut off her hand."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 60, Hadith 142
“The Prophet (ﷺ) heard a man supplicating, and he was saying: ‘O Allah, indeed, I ask you by my testifying that You are Allah, there is none worthy of worship except You, the One, As-Samad, the one who does not beget, nor was begotten, and there is none who is like Him (Allāhumma innī as’aluka bi annī ashhadu annaka antallāh, lā ilāha illā ant, al-aḥaduṣ-ṣamad, alladhī lam yalid wa lam yūlad, wa lam yakun lahu kufuwan aḥad).” He said: “So he said: ‘By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, he has asked Allah by His Greatest Name, the one which if He is called upon by it, He responds, and when He is asked by it, He gives.’”(One of the narrators) Zaid said: “So I mentioned it to Zuhair bin Mu`awiyah years after that, and he said: Abu Ishaq reported to me from Malik bin Mighwal.’” Zaid said: “Then I mentioned it to Sufyan, so he reported it to me from Malik.”
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Book 48, Hadith 106
Ikrimah said: A group of people from Iraq said: Ibn Abbas, what is your opinion about the verse in which we have been commanded whatever we have been commanded, but no one acts upon it? The word of Allah, Most High, reads: "O ye who believe! Let those whom your right hands possess, and the (children) among you, who have not come of age, ask your permission (before) they enter your presence on three occasions: before morning prayer, while you are undressing for the noonday heat, and after late-night prayer. These are your three times of undress; outside those times it is not wrong for you or for them to move about."
Al-Qa'nabi recited the verse up to "full of knowledge and wisdom".
Ibn Abbas said: Allah is Most Clement and Most Merciful to the believers. He loves concealment. The people had neither curtains nor curtained canopies in their houses. Sometimes a servant, a child or a female orphan of a man entered while the man was having sexual intercourse with his wife. So Allah commanded them to ask permission in those times of undress. Then Allah brought them curtains and all good things. But I did not see anyone following it after that.
Abu Dawud said: The tradition of 'Ubaid Allah and of 'Ata, weakens this tradition.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 43, Hadith 420
'Ubai bin Juraij said to `Abdullah Ben `Umar, "I see you doing four things which are not done by your
friends." Ibn `Umar said, "What are they, O Ibn Juraij?" He said, "I see that you do not touch except
the two Yemenite corners of the Ka`ba (while performing the Tawaf): and I see you wearing the
Sabtiyya shoes; and I see you dyeing (your hair) with Sufra; and I see that when you are in Mecca, the
people assume the state of Ihram on seeing the crescent (on the first day of Dhul-Hijja) while you do
not assume the state of Ihram till the Day of Tarwiya (8th Dhul Hijja)." `Abdullah bin `Umar said to
him, "As for the corners of the Ka`ba, I have not seen Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) touching except the two
Yemenite corners, As for the Sabtiyya shoes, I saw Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) wearing leather shoes that had no
hair, and he used to perform the ablution while wearing them. Therefore, I like to wear such shoes. As
regards dyeing with Sufra, I saw Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) dyeing his hair with it, so I like to dye (my hair) with
it. As regards the crescent (of Dhul-Hijja), I have not seen Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) assuming the state of Ihram
till his she-camel set out (on the 8th of Dhul-Hijja).
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 77, Hadith 68
The companions of Suffa were poor people. The Prophet (ﷺ) once said, "Whoever has food enough for
two persons, should take a third one (from among them), and whoever has food enough for four
persons, should take a fifth or a sixth (or said something similar)." Abu Bakr brought three persons
while the Prophet (ﷺ) took ten. And Abu Bakr with his three family member (who were I, my father and
my mother) (the sub-narrator is in doubt whether `Abdur-Rahman said, "My wife and my servant who
was common for both my house and Abu Bakr's house.") Abu Bakr took his supper with the Prophet (ﷺ)
and stayed there till he offered the `Isha' prayers. He returned and stayed till Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) took his
supper.
After a part of the night had passed, he returned to his house. His wife said to him, "What has detained
you from your guests?" He said, "Have you served supper to them?" She said, "They refused to take
supper until you come. They (i.e. some members of the household) presented the meal to them but
they refused (to eat)" I went to hide myself and he said, "O Ghunthar!" He invoked Allah to cause my
ears to be cut and he rebuked me. He then said (to them): Please eat!" and added, I will never eat the
meal." By Allah, whenever we took a handful of the meal, the meal grew from underneath more than
that handful till everybody ate to his satisfaction; yet the remaining food was more than the original
meal. Abu Bakr saw that the food was as much or more than the original amount. He called his wife,
"O sister of Bani Firas!" She said, "O pleasure of my eyes. The food has been tripled in quantity."
Abu Bakr then started eating thereof and said, "It (i.e. my oath not to eat) was because of Sa all." He
took a handful from it, and carried the rest to the Prophet. So that food was with the Prophet (ﷺ) . There
was a treaty between us and some people, and when the period of that treaty had elapsed, he divided
US into twelve groups, each being headed by a man. Allah knows how many men were under the
command of each leader. Anyhow, the Prophet (ﷺ) surely sent a leader with each group. Then all of them
ate of that meal.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 61, Hadith 90
We, the wives of Allah's Apostle (ﷺ), were with him (during his last illness) and none was absent therefrom that Fatima, who walked after the style of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), came there, and when he saw her he welcomed her saying: You are welcome, my daughter. He their made her sit on his right side or on his left side. Then he said something secretly to her and she wept bitterly and when he found her (plunged) in grief he said to her something secretly for the second time and she laughed. I ('A'isha) said to her: Allah's Messenger has singled you amongst the women (of the family) for talking (to you something secretly) and you wept. When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) recovered from illness, I said to her. What did Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say to you? Thereupon she said: I am not going to disclose the secret of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) died, I said to her: I adjure you by the right that I have upon you that you should narrate to me what Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to you. She said: Yes, now I can do that (so listen to it). When he talked to me secretly for the first time he informed me that Gabirel was in the habit of reciting the Qur'an along with him once or twice every year, but this year it had been twice and so he perceived his death quite near, so fear Allah and be patient (and he told me) that he would be a befitting forerunner for me and so I wept as you saw me. And when he saw me in grief he talked to me secretly for the second time and said: Fatima, are you not pleased that you should be at the head of the believing women or the head of this Umma? I laughed and it was that laughter which you saw.
Sahih Muslim Book 44, Hadith 143
Malik related to me from Yahya ibn Said from Abu Bakr ibn Hazm
that a boy from Ghassan was dying in Madina while his heir was in
Syria. That was mentioned to Umar ibn al-Khattab. It was said to him,
"So-and-so is dying. Shall he make a bequest?" He said, "Let him make
a bequest."
Yahya ibn Said said that Abu Bakr had said, "He
was a boy of ten or twelve years." Yahya said, "He willed the well of
Jusham, and his people sold it for 30,000 dirhams."
Yahya
said that he heard Malik say, "The generally agreed-on way of doing
things in our community is that a simpleton, an idiot, or a lunatic
who recovers at times, can make wills if they have enough of their
wits about them to recognise what they will. Someone who has not
enough wits to recognise what he wills, and is overcome in his
intellect, cannot make a bequest."
Muwatta Malik Book 37, Hadith 3
When I visited Aisha she said, "Barirah who had a written contract for her emancipation for a certain
amount came to me and said, "O mother of the believers! Buy me and manumit me, as my masters
will sell me." Aisha agreed to it. Barirah said, 'My masters will sell me on the condition that my Wala
will go to them." Aisha said to her, 'Then I am not in need of you.' The Prophet (ﷺ) heard of that or was
told about it and so he asked Aisha, 'What is the problem of Barirah?' He said, 'Buy her and manumit
her, no matter what they stipulate.' Aisha added, 'I bought and manumitted her, though her masters
had stipulated that her Wala would be for them.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said, The Wala is for the liberator, even
if the other stipulated a hundred conditions."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 54, Hadith 14
We raised our voices in talbiyah for Hajj. When we reached Sarif, I menstruated. The Messenger of Allah (SWAS) came upon me while I was weeping. He asked, why are your weeping, Ai’shah? I replied, I menstruated. Would that I had not come out for performing Hajj. He said : Glory be to Allah, this is a thing prescribed by Allah on the daughters of Adam. He said perform all the rites of Hajj but do not go round the House (the Ka’bah). When we entered Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (SWAS) said he who desires to make (his Hajj) an `Umrah may do so, except those who have sacrificial animals with them. The Messenger of Allah (SWAS) sacrificed a cow on behalf of his wives on the day of sacrifice. When the night of al-Batha came, and Ai’shah was purified she said to the Messenger of Allah (SWAS) my fellow female pilgrims will return after performing Hajj and `Umrah and I shall return after performing only Hajj? He therefore, ordered `Abd al-Rahman bin Abu Bakr who took her to al-Ta’nim. She uttered there talbiyah for `Umrah.
Sunan Abi Dawud Book 11, Hadith 62
Malik said, "When a mukatab sets his own slaves free, it is only
permitted for a mukatab to set his own slaves free with the consent of
his master. If his master gives his consent and the mukatab sets his
slave free, his wala' goes to the mukatab . If the mukatab then dies
before he has been set free himself, the wala' of the freed slave goes
to the master of the mukatab. If the freed one dies before the mukatab
has been set free, the master of the mukatab inherits from him."
Malik said, "It is like that also when a mukatab gives his slave a
kitaba and his mukatab is set free before he is himself. The wala'
goes to the master of the mukatab as long as he is not free. If this
one who wrote the kitaba is set free, then the wala' of his mukatab
who was freed before him reverts to him. If the first mukatab dies
before he pays, or he cannot pay his kitaba and he has free children,
they do not inherit the wala' of their father's mukatab because the
wala' has not been established for their father and he does not have
the wala' until he is free."
Malik spoke about a mukatab who
was shared between two men and one of them forewent what the mukatab
owed him and the other insisted on his due. Then the mukatab died and
left property.
Malik said, "The one who did not abandon any
of what he was owed, is paid in full. Then the property is divided
between them both just as if a slave had died because what the first
one did was not setting him free. He only abandoned a debt that was
owed to him ."
Malik said, "One clarification of that is that
when a man dies and leaves a mukatab and he also leaves male and
female children and one of the children frees his portion of the
mukatab, that does not establish any of the wala' for him. Had it been
a true setting free, the wala' would have been established for
whichever men and women freed him."
Malik said, "Another
clarification of that is that if one of them freed his portion and
then the mukatab could not pay, the value of what was left of the
mukatab would be altered because of the one who freed his portion. Had
it been a true setting-free, his estimated value would have been taken
from the property of the one who set free until he had been set
completely free as the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, said, 'Whoever frees his share in a slave and has
money to cover the full price of the slave, justly evaluated for him,
gives his partners their shares. If not, he frees of him what he
frees.' " (See Book 37 hadith 1).
He said, "Another
clarification of that is that part of the sunna of the muslims in
which there is no dispute, is that whoever frees his share of a
mukatab, the mukatab is not set fully free using his property. Had he
been truly set free, the wala' would have been his alone rather than
his partners. Part of what will clarify that also is that part of the
sunna of the muslims is that the wala' belongs to whoever writes the
contract of kitaba. The women who inherit from the master of the
mukatab do not have any of the wala' of the mukatab. If they free any
of their share, the wala' belongs to the male children of the master
of the mukatab or his male paternal relations."
Muwatta Malik Book 39, Hadith 12
(wife of the Prophet) Since I reached the age when I could remember things, I have seen my parents
worshipping according to the right faith of Islam. Not a single day passed but Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) visited
us both in the morning and in the evening. When the Muslims were persecuted, Abu Bakr set out for
Ethiopia as an emigrant. When he reached a place called Bark-al-Ghimad, he met Ibn Ad-Daghna, the
chief of the Qara tribe, who asked Abu Bakr, "Where are you going?" Abu Bakr said, "My people
have turned me out of the country and I would like to tour the world and worship my Lord." Ibn Ad-
Daghna said, "A man like you will not go out, nor will he be turned out as you help the poor earn their
living, keep good relation with your Kith and kin, help the disabled (or the dependents), provide
guests with food and shelter, and help people during their troubles. I am your protector. So, go back
and worship your Lord at your home." Ibn Ad-Daghna went along with Abu Bakr and took him to the
chiefs of Quraish saying to them, "A man like Abu Bakr will not go out, nor will he be turned out. Do
you turn out a man who helps the poor earn their living, keeps good relations with Kith and kin, helps
the disabled, provides guests with food and shelter, and helps the people during their troubles?"
So, Quraish allowed Ibn Ad-Daghna's guarantee of protection and told Abu- Bakr that he was secure,
and said to Ibn Ad-Daghna, "Advise Abu Bakr to worship his Lord in his house and to pray and read
what he liked and not to hurt us and not to do these things publicly, for we fear that our sons and
women may follow him." Ibn Ad-Daghna told Abu Bakr of all that, so Abu- Bakr continued
worshipping his Lord in his house and did not pray or recite Qur'an aloud except in his house. Later
on Abu Bakr had an idea of building a mosque in the court yard of his house. He fulfilled that idea and
started praying and reciting Qur'an there publicly. The women and the offspring of the pagans started
gathering around him and looking at him astonishingly. Abu Bakr was a softhearted person and could
not help weeping while reciting Qur'an. This horrified the pagan chiefs of Quraish. They sent for Ibn
Ad-Daghna and when he came, they said, "We have given Abu Bakr protection on condition that he
will worship his Lord in his house, but he has transgressed that condition and has built a mosque in
the court yard of his house and offered his prayer and recited Qur'an in public. We are afraid lest he
mislead our women and offspring. So, go to him and tell him that if he wishes he can worship his
Lord in his house only, and if not, then tell him to return your pledge of protection as we do not like to
betray you by revoking your pledge, nor can we tolerate Abu Bakr's public declaration of Islam (his
worshipping).
`Aisha added: Ibn Ad-Daghna came to Abu Bakr and said, "You know the conditions on which I gave
you protection, so you should either abide by those conditions or revoke my protection, as I do not
like to hear the 'Arabs saying that Ibn Ad-Daghna gave the pledge of protection to a person and his
people did not respect it." Abu Bakr said, "I revoke your pledge of protection and am satisfied with
Allah's protection." At that time Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was still in Mecca and he said to his companions,
"Your place of emigration has been shown to me. I have seen salty land, planted with date-palms and
situated between two mountains which are the two ,Harras." So, when the Prophet (ﷺ) told it, some of the
companions migrated to Medina, and some of those who had migrated to Ethiopia returned to Medina.
When Abu Bakr prepared for emigration, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to him, "Wait, for I expect to be
permitted to emigrate." Abu Bakr asked, "May my father be sacrificed for your sake, do you really
expect that?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied in the affirmative. So, Abu Bakr postponed his departure in order
to accompany Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and fed two camels which he had, with the leaves of Samor trees for
four months.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 39, Hadith 8
Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said heard Muhammad
ibn Yahya ibn Habban mentioning that a certain man passed Abu Dharr at
ar-Rabadha (which was about 30 miles from Madina) and Abu Dharr asked
him, "Where are you heading to?" and he replied, "I am intending to do
hajj." Abu Dharr questioned, "Has anything else brought you out?" and
he said, "No," so Abu Dharr said "Resume what you are doing
wholeheartedly."
The man related, "I went on till I came to
Makka and I stayed as long as Allah willed. Suddenly, one time, I was
with a crowd of people thronging about a man and I pushed through the
people to him and it was the old man that I had come across at ar-
Rabadha. When he saw me, he recognized me and said, 'Ah, you have done
what I told you.' "
Muwatta Malik Book 20, Hadith 264
(the wife of the Prophet) That she came to visit Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) while he was in I`tikaf (i.e. seclusion
in the Mosque during the last ten days of Ramadan). When she got up to return, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) got up
with her and accompanied her, and when he reached near the gate of the Mosque close to the door (of
the house) of Um Salama, the wife of the Prophet, two Ansari men passed by them and greeted Allah's
Apostle and then went away. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) addressed them saying, "Don't hurry! (She is my wife),"
They said, "Glorified be Allah! O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (You are far away from any suspicion)," and his
saying was hard on them. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Satan circulates in the mind of a person as blood does
(in his body). I was afraid that Satan might put some (evil) thoughts in your minds."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 57, Hadith 10
The Prophet (ﷺ) appointed a man from the tribe of Al-Azd, called Ibn 'Utbiyya for collecting the Zakat.
When he returned he said, "This (i.e. the Zakat) is for you and this has been given to my as a present."
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Why hadn't he stayed in his father's or mother's house to see whether he would be
given presents or not? By Him in Whose Hands my life is, whoever takes something from the
resources of the Zakat (unlawfully) will be carrying it on his neck on the Day of Resurrection; if it be
a camel, it will be grunting; if a cow, it will be mooing; and if a sheep, it will be bleating." The
Prophet then raised his hands till we saw the whiteness of his armpits, and he said thrice, "O Allah!
Haven't I conveyed Your Message (to them)?"
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 51, Hadith 31