'Aishah, the wife of the Prophet (ﷺ) told him that there were four types of marriage during Pre-Islamic period of Ignorance. One type was similar to that of the present day i.e. a man used to ask somebody else for the hand of a girl under his guardianship or for his daughter's hand, and give her Mahr and then marry her. The second type was that a man would say to his wife after she had become clean from her period. "Send for so-and-so and have sexual intercourse with him." Her husband would then keep away from her and would never sleep with her till she got pregnant from the other man with whom she was sleeping. When her pregnancy became evident, he husband would sleep with her if he wished. Her husband did so (i.e. let his wife sleep with some other man) so that he might have a child of noble breed. Such marriage was called as Al-Istibda'. Another type of marriage was that a group of less than ten men would assemble and enter upon a woman, and all of them would have sexual relation with her. If she became pregnant and delivered a child and some days had passed after delivery, she would sent for all of them and none of them would refuse to come, and when they all gathered before her, she would say to them, "You (all) know waht you have done, and now I have given birth to a child. So, it is your child so-and-so!" naming whoever she liked, and her child would follow him and he could not refuse to take him. The fourth type of marriage was that many people would enter upon a lady and she would never refuse anyone who came to her. Those were the prostitutes who used to fix flags at their doors as sign, and he who would wished, could have sexual intercourse with them. If anyone of them got pregnant and delivered a child, then all those men would be gathered for her and they would call the Qa'if (persons skilled in recognizing the likeness of a child to his father) to them and would let the child follow the man (whom they recognized as his father) and she would let him adhere to him and be called his son. The man would not refuse all that. But when Muhammad (ﷺ) was sent with the Truth, he abolished all the types of marriages observed in pre-Islamic period of Ignorance except the type of marriage the people recognize today.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 67, Hadith 63
Yahya said from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr
that A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, said, ''Utba ibn Abi Waqqas disclosed to his brother, Sad
ibn Abi Waqqas, that he was the father of the son of the slave-girl of
Zama, and made him promise to look after him (after his death). In the
year of the conquest, Sad took him and said, 'He is the son of my
brother. He covenanted with me about him.' Abd ibn Zama stood up and
said, 'He is my brother and the son of my father's slave-girl. He was
born on his bed.' They went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace. Sad said, 'Messenger of Allah! He is the son
of my brother, he made a covenant with me about him.' Abd ibn Zama
said, 'He is my brother and the son of my father's slave-girl and was
born on my father's bed.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, said, 'He is yours, Abd ibn Zama.' Then the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'A
child belongs to the household (where he was born) and the adulterer
is stoned.' Then he told Sawda bint Zama, 'Veil yourself from him,'
since he saw in him a resemblance to Utba ibn Abi Waqqas." A'isha
added, "He did not see her until he met Allah, the Mighty, the
Majestic!"
Muwatta Malik Book 36, Hadith 30
On the authority of Abu Huraira: The people said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!
Shall we see our Lord on the Day of Resurrection?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said,
"Do you have any difficulty in seeing the moon on a full moon night?"
They said, "No, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)." He said, "Do you have any
difficulty in seeing the sun when there are no clouds?" They said,
"No, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)." He said, "So you will see Him, like that.
Allah will gather all the people on the Day of Resurrection, and say,
'Whoever worshipped something (in the world) should follow (that
thing),' so, whoever worshipped the sun will follow the sun, and
whoever worshiped the moon will follow the moon, and whoever used to
worship certain (other false) deities, he will follow those deities.
And there will remain only this nation with its good people (or its
hypocrites). (The sub-narrator, Ibrahim is in doubt.) Allah will come
to them and say, 'I am your Lord.' They will (deny Him and) say, 'We
will stay here till our Lord comes, for when our Lord comes, we will
recognize Him.' So Allah will come to them in His appearance which
they know, and will say, 'I am your Lord.' They will say, 'You are our
Lord,' so they will follow Him.
Then a bridge will be laid across Hell (Fire)' I and my followers will
be the first ones to go across it and none will speak on that Day
except the Apostles. And the invocation of the Apostles on that Day
will be, 'O Allah, save! Save!' In Hell (or over The Bridge) there
will be hooks like the thorns of As-Sa'dan (thorny plant). Have you
seen As-Sa'dan? " They replied, "Yes, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!" He said, "So
those hooks look like the thorns of As-Sa'dan, but none knows how big
they are except Allah. Those hooks will snap the people away according
to their deeds. Some of the people will stay in Hell (be destroyed)
because of their (evil) deeds, and some will be cut or torn by the
hooks (and fall into Hell) and some will be punished and then
relieved. When Allah has finished His Judgments among the people, He
will take whomever He will out of Hell through His Mercy. He will then
order the angels to take out of the Fire all those who used to worship
none but Allah from among those whom Allah wanted to be merciful to
and those who testified (in the world) that none has the right to be
worshipped but Allah. The angels will recognize them in the Fire by
the marks of prostration (on their foreheads), for the Fire will eat
up all the human body except the mark caused by prostration as Allah
has forbidden the Fire to eat the mark of prostration. They will come
out of the (Hell) Fire, completely burnt and then the water of life
will be poured over them and they will grow under it as does a seed
that comes in the mud of the torrent.
Then Allah will finish the judgments among the people, and there will
remain one man facing the (Hell) Fire and he will be the last person
among the people of Hell to enter Paradise. He will say, 'O my Lord!
Please turn my face away from the fire because its air has hurt me and
its severe heat has burnt me.' So he will invoke Allah in the way
Allah will wish him to invoke, and then Allah will say to him, 'If I
grant you that, will you then ask for anything else?' He will reply,
'No, by Your Power, (Honor) I will not ask You for anything else.' He
will give his Lord whatever promises and covenants Allah will demand.
So Allah will turn his face away from Hell (Fire). When he will face
Paradise and will see it, he will remain quiet for as long as Allah
will wish him to remain quiet, then he will say, 'O my Lord! Bring me
near to the gate of Paradise.' Allah will say to him, 'Didn't you give
your promises and covenants that you would never ask for anything more
than what you had been given? Woe on you, O Adam's son! How
treacherous you are!' He will say, 'O my lord,' and will keep on
invoking Allah till He says to him, 'If I give what you are asking,
will you then ask for anything else?' He will reply, 'No, by Your
(Honor) Power, I will not ask for anything else.'
Then he will give covenants and promises to Allah and then Allah will
bring him near to the gate of Paradise. When he stands at the gate of
Paradise, Paradise will be opened and spread before him, and he will
see its splendor and pleasures whereupon he will remain quiet as long
as Allah will wish him to remain quiet, and then he will say, O my
Lord! Admit me into Paradise.' Allah will say, 'Didn't you give your
covenants and promises that you would not ask for anything more than
what you had been given?' Allah will say, 'Woe on you, O Adam's son!
How treacherous you are! '
The man will say, 'O my Lord! Do not make me the most miserable of
Your creation,' and he will keep on invoking Allah till Allah will
laugh because of his sayings, and when Allah will laugh because of
him, He will say to him, 'Enter Paradise,' and when he will enter it,
Allah will say to him, 'Wish for anything.' So he will ask his Lord,
and he will wish for a great number of things, for Allah Himself will
remind him to wish for certain things by saying, '(Wish for)
so-and-so.' When there is nothing more to wish for, Allah will say,
'This is for you, and its equal (is for you) as well."
'Ata' bin Yazid added: Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri who was present with Abu
Huraira, did not deny whatever the latter said, but when Abu Huraira
said that Allah had said, "That is for you and its equal as well," Abu
Sa'id Al-Khudri said, "And ten times as much, O Abu Huraira!" Abu
Huraira said, "I do not remember, except his saying, 'That is for you
and its equal as well.'" Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri then said, "I testify
that I remember the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, 'That is for you, and ten times as
much.' ' Abu Huraira then added, "That man will be the last person of
the people of Paradise to enter Paradise."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 97, Hadith 64
I saw that Walid was brought to Uthmin b. 'Affan as he had prayed two rak'ahs of the dawn prayer, and then he said: I make an increase for you. And two men bore witness against him. One of them was Humran who said that he had drunk wine. The second one gave witness that he had seen him vomiting. Uthman said: He would not have vomited (wine) unless he had drunk it. He said: 'Ali, stand up and lash him. 'Ali said: Hasan, stand up and lash him. Thereupon Hasan said: Let him suffer the heat (of Caliphate) who has enjoyed its coolness. ('Ali felt annoyed at this remark) and he said: 'Abdullah b. Ja'far, stand up and flog him, and he began to flog him and 'Ali counted the stripes until these were forty. He (Hadrat 'Ali) said: Stop now, and then said: Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) gave forty stripes, and Abu Bakr also gave forty stripes, and Umar gave eighty stripes, and all these fall under the category of the Sunnab, but this one (forty stripes) is dearer to me.
Sahih Muslim Book 29, Hadith 60
Yahya related to me from Malik from Umara ibn Yasar that Ata ibn
Yasar told him that Abu Ayyub al-Ansari had told him, "We used to
sacrifice one sheep, and a man sacrificed for himself and his family.
Then later on people began to compete with each other and it became
boasting."
Malik said, "The best that I have heard about a
single camel, cow or sheep, is that a man should sacrifice a camel for
himself and his family. He sacrifices a cow or sheep which he owns for
his family, and shares with them in it. It is disapproved for a group
of people to buy a camel, cow or sheep, to share for the ritual and
sacrifices, each man giving a share of its price, and taking a share
of its meat. We have heard the tradition that people do not share in
the ritual. However, it may be that the people of one household can
share."
Muwatta Malik Book 23, Hadith 10