I heard Hisham bin Hakim reciting Surat-al-Furqan during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), I listened to
his recitation and noticed that he was reciting in a way that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had not taught me. I was
about to jump over him while He was still in prayer, but I waited patiently and when he finished his
prayer, I put my sheet round his neck (and pulled him) and said, "Who has taught you this Sura which
I have heard you reciting?" Hisham said, "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) taught it to me." I said, "You are telling a
lie, for he taught it to me in a way different from the way you have recited it!" Then I started leading
(dragged) him to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said (to the Prophet), " I have heard this man reciting Surat-al-
Furqan in a way that you have not taught me." The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "(O `Umar) release him! Recite, O
Hisham." Hisham recited in the way I heard him reciting. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "It was revealed like
this." Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Recite, O `Umar!" I recited in the way he had taught me, whereupon
he said, "It was revealed like this," and added, "The Quran has been revealed to be recited in seven
different ways, so recite of it whichever is easy for you ." (See Hadith No. 514, Vol. 6)
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 97, Hadith 175
Yahya related to me from Malik from Thawr ibn Zayd ad-Dili from a
son of Abdullah ibn Sufyan ath-Thaqafi from his grandfather Sufyan ibn
Abdullah that Umar ibn al-Khattab once sent him to collect zakat. He
used to include sakhlas (when assessing zakat), and they said, "Do you
include sakhlas even though you do not take them (as payment)?" He
returned to Umar ibn al-Khattab and mentioned that to him and Umar
said, "Yes, you include a sakhla which the shepherd is carrying, but
you do not take it. Neither do you take an akula, or a rubba, or a
makhid, or male sheep and goats in their second and third years, and
this is a just compromise between the young of sheep and goats and the
best of them."
Malik said, "A sakhla is a newborn lamb or
kid. A rubba is a mother that is looking after her offspring, a makhid
is a pregnant ewe or goat, and an akula is a sheep or goat that is
being fattened for meat."
Malik said, about a man who had
sheep and goats on which he did not have to pay any zakat, but which
increased by birth to a zakatable amount on the day before the zakat
collector came to them, "If the number of sheep and goats along with
their (newborn) offspring reaches a zakatable amount then the man has
to pay zakat on them. That is because the offspring of the sheep are
part of the flock itself. It is not the same situation as when some
one acquires sheep by buying them, or is given them, or inherits them.
Rather, it is like when merchandise whose value does not come to a
zakatable amount is sold, and with the profit that accrues it then
comes to a zakatable amount. The owner must then pay zakat on both his
profit and his original capital, taken together. If his profit had
been a chance acquisition or an inheritance he would not have had to
pay zakat on it until one year had elapsed over it from the day he had
acquired it or inherited it."
Malik said, "The young of sheep
and goats are part of the flock, in the same way that profit from
wealth is part of that wealth. There is, however, one difference, in
that when a man has a zakatable amount of gold and silver, and then
acquires an additional amount of wealth, he leaves aside the wealth he
has acquired and does not pay zakat on it when he pays the zakat on
his original wealth but waits until a year has elapsed over what he
has acquired from the day he acquired it. Whereas a man who has a
zakatable amount of sheep and goats, or cattle, or camels, and then
acquires another camel, cow, sheep or goat, pays zakat on it at the
same time that he pays the zakat on the others of its kind, if he
already has a zakatable amount of livestock of that particular kind."
Malik said, "This is the best of what I have heard about
this. "
Muwatta Malik Book 17, Hadith 28
O, son of Adam, did you find any comfort, did you happen to get any material blessing? He would say: By Allah, no, my Lord. And then that person from amongst the persons of the world be brought who had led the most miserable life (in the world) from amongst the inmates of Paradise. and he would be made to dip once in Paradise and it would be said to him. 0, son of Adam, did you face, any hardship? Or had any distress fallen to your lot? And he would say: By Allah, no,0 my Lord, never did I face any hardship or experience any distress.
Sahih Muslim Book 52, Hadith 42
Should it so happen that we come into contact with one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) we shall ask him about what is talked about taqdir (Divine Decree). Accidentally we came across Abdullah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab, while he was entering the mosque. My companion and I surrounded him. One of us (stood) on his right and the other stood on his left. I expected that my companion would authorize me to speak. I therefore said: Abu Abdur Rahman! There have appeared some people in our land who recite the Quran and pursue knowledge. And then after talking about their affairs, added: They (such people) claim that there is no such thing as Divine Decree and events are not predestined. He (Abdullah ibn Umar) said: When you happen to meet such people tell them that I have nothing to do with them and they have nothing to do with me. And verily they are in no way responsible for my (belief). Abdullah ibn Umar swore by Him (the Lord) (and said): If any one of them (who does not believe in the Divine Decree) had with him gold equal to the bulk of (the mountain) Uhud and spent it (in the way of Allah), Allah would not accept it unless he affirmed his faith in Divine Decree. He further said: My father, Umar ibn al-Khattab, told me: One day we were sitting in the company of Allah's Apostle (peace be upon him) when there appeared before us a man dressed in pure white clothes, his hair extraordinarily black. There were no signs of travel on him. None amongst us recognized him. At last he sat with the Apostle (peace be upon him) He knelt before him placed his palms on his thighs and said: Muhammad, inform me about al-Islam. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Al-Islam implies that you testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, and you establish prayer, pay Zakat, observe the fast of Ramadan, and perform pilgrimage to the (House) if you are solvent enough (to bear the expense of) the journey. He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth. He (Umar ibn al-Khattab) said: It amazed us that he would put the question and then he would himself verify the truth. He (the inquirer) said: Inform me about Iman (faith). He (the Holy Prophet) replied: That you affirm your faith in Allah, in His angels, in His Books, in His Apostles, in the Day of Judgment, and you affirm your faith in the Divine Decree about good and evil. He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth. He (the inquirer) again said: Inform me about al-Ihsan (performance of good deeds). He (the Holy Prophet) said: That you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, for though you don't see Him, He, verily, sees you. He (the enquirer) again said: Inform me about the hour (of the Doom). He (the Holy Prophet) remarked: One who is asked knows no more than the one who is inquiring (about it). He (the inquirer) said: Tell me some of its indications. He (the Holy Prophet) said: That the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and master, that you will find barefooted, destitute goat-herds vying with one another in the construction of magnificent buildings. He (the narrator, Umar ibn al-Khattab) said: Then he (the inquirer) went on his way but I stayed with him (the Holy Prophet) for a long while. He then, said to me: Umar, do you know who this inquirer was? I replied: Allah and His Apostle knows best. He (the Holy Prophet) remarked: He was Gabriel (the angel). He came to you in order to instruct you in matters of religion.
Sahih Muslim Book 1, Hadith 1