When Allah Apostle was in Ta'if (trying to conquer it), he said to his companions, "Tomorrow we will
return (to Medina), if Allah wills." Some of the companions of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "We will not
leave till we conquer it." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Therefore, be ready to fight tomorrow." On the following
day, they (Muslims) fought fiercely (with the people of Ta'if) and suffered many wounds. Then
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Tomorrow we will return (to Medina), if Allah wills." His companions kept
quiet this time. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then smiled.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 78, Hadith 114
Yahya related to me from Malik from Humayd ibn Qays al-Makki from
Tawus al Yamani that from thirty cows, Muadh ibn Jabal took one cow in
its second year, and from forty cows, one cow in its third or fourth
year, and when less than that (i.e. thirty cows) was brought to him he
refused to take anything from it. He said, "I have not heard anything
about it from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace. When I meet him, I will ask him." But the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died before Muadh ibn
Jabal returned.
Yahya said that Malik said, "The best that I
have heard about some one who has sheep or goats with two or more
shepherds in different places is that they are added together and the
owner then pays the zakat on them. This is the same situation as a man
who has gold and silver scattered in the hands of various people. He
must add it all u p and pay whatever zakat there is to pay on the sum
total."
Yahya said that Malik said, about a man who had both
sheep and goats, that they were added up together for the zakat to be
assessed, and if between them they came to a number on which zakat was
due, he paid zakat on them. Malik added, "They are all considered as
sheep, and in Umar ibn al-Khattab's book it says, 'On grazing sheep
and goats, if they come to forty or more, one ewe.' "
Malik
said, "If there are more sheep than goats and their owner only has to
pay one ewe, the zakat collector takes the ewe from the sheep. If
there are more goats than sheep, he takes it from the goats. If there
is an equal number of sheep and goats, he takes the ewe from whichever
kind he wishes."
Yahya said that Malik said, "Similarly,
Arabian camels and Bactrian camels are added up together in order to
assess the zakat that the owner has to pay. They are all considered as
camels. If there are more Arabian camels than Bactrians and the owner
only has to pay one camel, the zakat collector takes it from the
Arabian ones. If, however, there are more Bactrian camels he takes it
from those. If there is an equal number of both, he takes the camel
from whichever kind he wishes."
Malik said, "Similarly, cows
and water buffaloes are added up together and are all considered as
cattle. If there are more cows than water buffalo and the owner only
has to pay one cow, the zakat collector takes it from the cows. If
there are more water buffalo, he takes it from them. If there is an
equal number of both, he takes the cow from whichever kind he wishes.
So if zakat is necessary, it is assessed taking both kinds as one
group."
Yahya said that Malik said, "No zakat is due from
anyone who comes into possession of livestock, whether camels or
cattle or sheep and goats, until a year has elapsed over them from the
day he acquired them, unless he already had in his possession a nisab
of livestock. (The nisab is the minimum amount on which zakat has to
be paid, either five head of camels, or thirty cattle, or forty sheep
and goats). If he already had five head of camels, or thirty cattle,
or forty sheep and goats, and he then acquired additional camels, or
cattle, or sheep and goats, either by trade, or gift, or inheritance,
he must pay zakat on them when he pays the zakat on the livestock he
already has, even if a year has not elapsed over the acquisition. And
even if the additional livestock that he acquired has had zakat taken
from it the day before he bought it, or the day before he inherited
it, he must still pay the zakat on it when he pays the zakat on the
livestock he already has "
Yahya said that Malik said, "This
is the same situation as some one who has some silver on which he pays
the zakat and then uses to buy some goods with from somebody else. He
then has to pay zakat on those goods when he sells them. It could be
that one man will have to pay zakat on them one day, and by the
following day the other man will also have to pay."
Malik
said, in the case of a man who had sheep and goats which did not reach
the zakatable amount, and who then bought or inherited an additional
number of sheep and goats well above the zakatable amount, that he did
not have to pay zakat on all his sheep and goats until a year had
elapsed over them from the day he acquired the new animals, whether he
bought them or inherited them.This was because none of the livestock
that a man had, whether it be camels, or cattle, or sheep and goats,
was counted as a nisab until there was enough of any one kind for him
to have to pay zakat on it. This was the nisab which is used for
assessing the zakat on what the owner had additionally acquired,
whether it were a large or small amount of livestock.
Malik
said, "If a man has enough camels, or cattle, or sheep and goats, for
him to have to pay zakat on each kind, and then he acquires another
camel, or cow, or sheep, or goat, it must be included with the rest of
his animals when he pays zakat on them "
Yahya said that
Malik said, "This is what I like most out of what I heard about the
matter."
Malik said, in the case of a man who does not have
the animal required of him for the zakat, "If it is a two-year-old
she-camel that he does not have, a three-year-old male camel is taken
instead. If it is a three- or four- or five-year-old she-camel that he
does not have, then he must buy the required animal so that he gives
the collector what is due. I do not like it if the owner gives the
collector the equivalent value."
Malik said, about camels
used for carrying water, and cattle used for working water-wheels or
ploughing, "In my opinion such animals are included when assessing
zakat."
Muwatta Malik Book 17, Hadith 26