Yahya said that he had heard Malik say, "The undisputed way of
doing things in our community concerning pledges is that in cases
where land or a house or an animal are known to have been destroyed
whilst in the possession of the broker of the pledge, and the
circumstances of the loss are known, the loss is against the pledger.
There is no deduction made from what is due to the broker at all. Any
pledge which perishes in the possession of the broker and the
circumstances of its loss are only known by his word, the loss is
against the broker and he is liable for its value. He is asked to
describe whatever was destroyed and then he is made to take an oath
about that description and what he loaned on security for it. "Then
people of discernment evaluate the description. If the pledge was
worth more than what the broker loaned, the pledger takes the extra.
If the assessed value of the pledge is less than what he was loaned,
the pledger is made to take an oath as to what the broker loaned and
he does not have to pay the extra which the broker loaned above the
assessed value of the pledge. If the pledger refuses to take an oath,
he has to give the broker the extra above the assessed value of the
pledge. If the broker says that he doesn't know the value of the
pledge, the pledger is made to take an oath on the description of the
pledge and that is his if he brings a matter which is not disapproved
of."
Malik said, "All this applies when the broker takes the
pledge and does not put it in the hands of another."
Muwatta Malik Book 36, Hadith 19
I went to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) along with a group of people from (the tribe of) Al-Ash`ari, asking for
mounts. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "By Allah, I will not give you anything to ride, and I have nothing to mount
you on." We stayed there as long as Allah wished, and after that, some camels were brought to the
Prophet and he ordered that we be given three camels. When we set out, some of us said to others,
"Allah will not bless us, as we all went to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asking him for mounts, and although he had
sworn that he would not give us mounts, he did give us." So we returned to the Prophet; and
mentioned that to him. He said, "I have not provided you with mounts, but Allah has. By Allah, Allah
willing, if I ever take an oath, and then see that another is better than the first, I make expiration for
my (dissolved) oath, and do what is better and make expiration."
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 84, Hadith 11
A Bedouin came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "Tell me of such a deed as will make me enter Paradise, if I
do it." The Prophet (p.b.u.h) said, "Worship Allah, and worship none along with Him, offer the (five)
prescribed compulsory prayers perfectly, pay the compulsory Zakat, and fast the month of Ramadan."
The Bedouin said, "By Him, in Whose Hands my life is, I will not do more than this." When he (the
Bedouin) left, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Whoever likes to see a man of Paradise, then he may look at this
man."
Narrated Abu Zur'a:
From the Prophet (ﷺ) the same as above.
Sahih al-Bukhari Book 24, Hadith 3